Alternaria cassiae Alters Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

Hoagland, Robert E.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0434.1990.tb01166.x

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The effects of A. cassiae on phenolic metabolism in C. alata were quite similar to those reported for A. cassiae-C. obtusifolia interactions (Hoagland 1990b). Both PAL activity and PAL product (soluble hydroxyphenolic) levels were increased within hours of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Recently, investigations concerning the biochemical interactions of Alternaria crassa (Sacc.) Sands and A. cassiae for jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.) and sicklepod, respectively, hâve shown that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and phenolic products regulated by PAL increase in response to infection (Hoagland 1990b;Hoagland and Boyette 1994). To provide further insight into défense mechanisms of plants challenged by A. cassiae, and due to the importance of pathogen-plant interactions, the following studies were undertaken.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The mycoherbicide Atlernaria cassiae infects and alters phenolic metabolism of Cassia alata seedlings

Hoagland

2005

phyto

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'994-10-11'; acceptée! 1995-09-13 The mycoherbicide Alternaria cassiae, a pathogen of the weed sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia), was found to infect a previously untested Cassia species, Cassia alata (ringworm bush or seven golden candlesticks). When 2-wk-old, growth chamber-grown C. alata seedlings were inoculated with 10 5 spores mL 1 followed by a 12-h dew period, infection was apparent 16-20 h after treatment. Infection severity was proportional to spore concentration, and 10 6 spores mL 1 caused complète mortality 4-5 d after treatment. Plant âge was also a factor in disease severity and mycoherbicidal efficacy. At 10 6 spores mL 1 , 95% of 1-to 3-wk-old seedlings were killed (with severe damage to others); 3-to 4-wk-old plants had multiple lésions, growth réduction, and some leaf abscission; and 5-to 7-wk-old plants were infected with many lésions, but they outgrew thèse effects. Extractable phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in treated C. alata seedlings was increased three-fold above that of untreated seedlings 17-96 h after spore application. Soluble hydroxyphenolic levels were also increased in the A. cassiae-treated seedlings, but not until 48-96 h after treatment. Results indicate an expanded host range for this plant pathogen and suggest that phenolic metabolism is increased in défense of pathogen invasion. Le mycoherbicide Alternaria cassiae, un agent pathogène du Cassia obtusifolia a infecté le Cassia alata, une espèce de Cassia jamais testée auparavant. Quand des plantules de C. alata âgées de 2 semaines et cultivées en cabinets de croissance ont été inoculées avec 10 5 spores mL 1 suivi d'une période d'humectation de 12 h, l'infection était apparente 16-20 h après le traitement. La sévérité de l'infection était proportionnelle à la concentration de spores, 10 6 spores mL 1 entraînant une mortalité complète 4-5 jours après le traitement. L'âge des plantes influençait la gravité de la maladie et l'efficacité du mycoherbicide. À 10 6 spores mL 1 , 95 % des plantes âgées de 1-3 semaines étaient mortes, et les survivantes montraient des dommages graves; les plantes âgées de 3-4 semaines présentaient des lésions multiples, une réduction de croissance et une chute des feuilles. Finalement les plantes âgées de 5-7 semaines étaient infectées et présentaient plusieurs lésions mais elles ont repris le dessus sur la maladie. La quantité de phénylalanine-ammonia-lyase extractible des plantules de C. alata traitées était trois fois plus élevée que chez les plantules non traitées 17-96 h après l'application des spores. Les niveaux d'hydroxyphénols solubles étaient aussi plus élevés dans les plantules traitées Hoagland, R.E. 1995. Le mycoherbicide

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mycoherbicide Atlernaria cassiae infects and alters phenolic metabolism of Cassia alata seedlings

Hoagland

2005

phyto

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“…AlCl3 specifically reacts with flavonoids yielding a fluorescing complex (10). A flavonoid structure was assumed based on UV absorbance and fluorescence emission spectra as well as the UV spectral shifts observed upon treatment with AlCl3 (17) and an increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase (4). We now describe the purification and chemical characterization ofthis compound, a flavonoid possessing a phenoxy group at the 2-position ofthe chromone ring.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of 2-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)-5, 7-Dihydroxychromone: A Fungal-Induced Phytoalexin from Cassia obtusifolia

Sharon¹,

Ghirlando²,

Gressel³

1992

Plant Physiol.

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A single phytoalexin was isolated and purified from 12-to 14-day-old leaves of Cassia obtusifolia L. inoculated with Afternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan. The structure was elucidated by 'H-and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry as 2-(phydroxyphenoxy)-5,7-dihydroxychromone. The compound was shown to be derived in part from phenylalanine. Radial MATERIALS AND METHODS Plants and Fungal MaterialsSeeds of Cassia obtusifolia L. were provided by V.A. Musco, (Rohm and Hass, Springhouse, PA) and subsequently were propagated and grown as previously described (1). Alternaria cassiae Jurair & Khan was provided by Dr. C. D. Boyette (USDA, Stoneville, MS). Fungus was cultured and conidia produced as previously described (1). Plants were inoculated by spraying 12-to 14-d-old plants to run-off with a water suspension containing 0.02% Tween 80 and 105 conidia/mL. The control plants were sprayed with 0.02% Tween 80. The plants were incubated in a dew chamber (100% RH) for 16 h and then were moved to a high humidity (60-80% RH) greenhouse as described earlier (1). Leaves were harvested directly into extractant 48 h after inoculation. Purification of the PhytoalexinLeaves were extracted overnight at room temperature in the dark with 10 volumes of 90% methanol based on fresh weight (80% methanol final concentration). The leaves were then separated from the solvent and extracted again for 5 min with 2 volumes (v/w) of 90% methanol. The extracts were pooled, and the methanol was evaporated under reduced pressure at 45°C, leaving an aqueous residue. The residue was brought to 10 mL/g initial fresh weight with glass-distilled water and centrifuged for 30 min at 20,000g. The pellet was discarded, and the aqueous material was partitioned three times against ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v). No antifungal activity was found in the aqueous phase after partitioning, nor in the pellet. The organic phases were pooled and dried in vacuo. Part of the crude residue of the organic phase was loaded onto a 0.2 mm silica gel G254 TLC plate (Merck), developed for 7 cm with ethyl acetate:methanol (96:4), and directly bioassayed as described below. Part was redissolved in 1 mL of 70% methanol and chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column (0.8 x 30 cm) with 70% methanol at a flow rate of 13.5 mL/h. The column was washed with 300 mL of pure methanol and equilibrated with 200 mL of 70% methanol after each run. An aliquot from each fraction was loaded onto a TLC plate, and the plate was developed with ethyl acetate:methanol (96:4). The presence ofthe putative phytoalexin was detected by the yellow fluorescence after spraying the plate with 1% AlCl3 in absolute ethanol ( 17).

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“…Furthermore, PAL was suggested as a target site for herbicides [59] and PAL activity was shown to be elevated or inhibited by various herbicides [60]. The fungal pathogen Alternaria cassiae, has bioherbicidal activity against sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia) [61] [62] [63], and alters phenylpropanoid metabolism in this weed [64]. PAL activity levels were increased prior to visual symptoms of pathogenesis when A. cassiae spores were applied to seedlings.…”

Section: Toxicity Tests Of Glufosinate On C Truncatummentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Glufosinate and Colletotrichum truncatum on Ammonia Levels and Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Hemp Sesbania

Hoagland¹,

Boyette²,

Jordan³

et al. 2018

AJPS

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The use of microbes and microbial products as bioherbicides has been studied for several decades, and combinations of bioherbicides and herbicides have been examined to discover possible synergistic interactions to improve weed control efficacy. Bioassays were conducted to assess possible interactions of the herbicide glufosinate [2-amino-4-(hydroxymethylphosphinyl) rulation of CT. Although no synergistic interactions were found in the combinations of CT and glufosinate at the concentrations used, further insight on the biochemical action of CT and its interactions with this herbicide on hemp sesbania was achieved.

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Alternaria cassiae Alters Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

The mycoherbicide Atlernaria cassiae infects and alters phenolic metabolism of Cassia alata seedlings

The mycoherbicide Atlernaria cassiae infects and alters phenolic metabolism of Cassia alata seedlings

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of 2-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)-5, 7-Dihydroxychromone: A Fungal-Induced Phytoalexin from Cassia obtusifolia

Interaction of Glufosinate and <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i> on Ammonia Levels and Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Hemp Sesbania

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Alternaria cassiae Alters Phenylpropanoid Metabolism in Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia)

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

The mycoherbicide Atlernaria cassiae infects and alters phenolic metabolism of Cassia alata seedlings

The mycoherbicide Atlernaria cassiae infects and alters phenolic metabolism of Cassia alata seedlings

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of 2-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)-5, 7-Dihydroxychromone: A Fungal-Induced Phytoalexin from Cassia obtusifolia

Interaction of Glufosinate and &lt;i&gt;Colletotrichum truncatum&lt;/i&gt; on Ammonia Levels and Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Hemp Sesbania

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Interaction of Glufosinate and <i>Colletotrichum truncatum</i> on Ammonia Levels and Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Hemp Sesbania