Competition, facilitation, and niche differentiation in two foliar pathogens

Al-Naimi, Fatima; Garrett, Karen A.; Bockus, W. W.

doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1814-x

Cited by 66 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…An alternative hypothesis to explain the predominance of isolates of E. alphitoides type over E. quercicola type is that some climatic requirements might favour the earlier arrival of E. alphitoides onto the host; this earlier setting up giving the fungus a competitive advantage. The advantage from earlier arrival onto a host has already been suggested for the two wheat pathogenic fungi Puccinia triticina and Pyrenophora triticirepentis (Al-Naimi et al, 2005). Temporal succession has also been described for the two genetic groups of Erysiphe necator (Montarry et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Spatial distribution of lineages of oak powdery mildew fungi in France, using quick molecular detection methods

Mougou‐Hamdane

Giresse²,

Dutech

et al. 2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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Abstract• Powdery mildew is a major fungal disease of oaks in Europe. Recent studies using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences suggested the presence of four different lineages (putative species). The objective of the study was to investigate the spatial distribution of these lineages/species and, in particular, to test the hypothesis of a spatial differentiation, at various scales: regional (France), altitudinal (a Pyrenean transect) and local (within a forest plot).• Detection methods for the four ITS types were developed: (1) single strand conformation polymorphism analysis (SSCP); (2) PCR amplifications, for which specific primers were designed. SSCP proved to be efficient for the detection of Erysiphe alphitoides and E. quercicola types. In contrast, the rarer ITS types corresponding to E. hypophylla and Phyllactinia guttata (sensu lato) were only detected by specific amplification.• The study confirmed the strong predominance of the ITS sequence associated with E. alphitoides at all spatial scales (with a frequency higher than 80%). Isolates presumably belonging to E. quercicola (i.e. with same ITS type), a recently described species not yet recorded in Europe, were also found in all French regions at a significant frequency (15% at national level).• No pattern of spatial differentiation between the putative species could be demonstrated: E. alphitoides was often found in association with different ITS types in the same region, the same tree, and even in the same lesion. Mots-clés :Erysiphe alphitoides / Erysiphe quercicola / espèces sryptiques / Erysiphales / ITS / invasion biologique Résumé -Distribution spatiale de lignées d'oïdium des chênes en France analysée à l'aide d'outils rapides de caractérisation moléculaire.• L'oïdium est l'une des maladies fongiques les plus importantes sur chênes en Europe. Des études récentes basées sur l'internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ont suggéré l'implication de quatre lignées (espèces putatives) différentes. L'objectif de l'étude était de caractériser la distribution spatiale de ces lignées/espèces et en particulier de tester l'hypothèse d'une différenciation spatiale à plusieurs échelles : régionale (France), altitudinale (transect pyrénéen) et locale (au sein d'une parcelle forestière).• Des méthodes de détection des quatre types d'ITS ont été développées : (1) analyse SCCP ; (2) amplification par PCR de l'ITS par des amorces spécifiques. La SSCP a permis de détecter facilement les ITS correspondant à E. alphitoides et E. quercicola. Par contre, les ITS plus rares correspondant à E. hypophylla et Phyllactinia guttata (sensu lato) n'ont été détectés que par amplification spécifique.• L'étude a confirmé la forte prédominance (avec une fréquence supérieure à 80 %) de la séquence d'ITS associée à E. alphitoides. Les isolats présentant la même séquence d'ITS qu'E. quercicola, espèce récemment décrite et encore non mentionnée en Europe, ont également été retrouvés dans toutes les régions françaises à une fréquence importante (15 % en moyenne pour l'échantillonnage...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Spatial distribution of lineages of oak powdery mildew fungi in France, using quick molecular detection methods

Mougou‐Hamdane

Giresse²,

Dutech

et al. 2010

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…In the field, competition may arise between various pathogens (Engle et al 2006). This is not a problem if the pathogens induce different symptoms (Al Naimi et al 2005), but the glume and leaf spot symptoms of Stagonospora nodorum blotch are difficult to distinguish from those of Septoria leaf blotch and from those of tan spot (Bhathal et al 2003;Engle et al 2006;Csősz 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch in wheat genotypes

Cséplő

Csósz

Gál

et al. 2013

CZECH J GENET PLANT

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Cséplő M., Csősz M., Gál M., Veisz O., Vida G. (2013): Seedling resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch in wheat genotypes. Czech. J. Genet. Plant Breed., 49: 77-85.In two independent experiments set up in the greenhouse the seedling resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch was investigated in 92 varieties, breeding lines and genotypes with a known genetic background. The greatest area under the disease progress curve calculated from lesion type was 37.06, while in the case of the most resistant genotype this value was 0.38. Many of the lines and varieties bred in Martonvásár proved to have excellent resistance in terms of both percentage of infected leaf area and lesion type. Observations indicate that, depending on the aim of the experiment, the efficient selection of breeding lines is possible in the seedling stage either on the basis of the area under the disease progress curve calculated for lesion types, or on the basis of lesion types scored 7, 11 or 14 days after inoculation.

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“…Moreover, no higher total abundances were found in the combined treatment compared to the Pm I treatment, indicating that nematode abundance per se is unlikely to have caused the differences in enzymatic activity. Under conditions of interspecific interactions, species may be forced to change their type of food (Tilman 1976;Al-Naimi et al 2005;Postma-Blaauw et al 2005). In the present study, switching food (i.e., bacteria) sources may have influenced bacterial composition and, as a consequence, the decomposition process.…”

Section: Strong Interspecific Interactions Influence the Decompositiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also tested whether a combination of all four cryptic species of L. marina would differentially affect the microbial activity and the decomposition rate of organic matter compared to single-species treatments. We expected high competition between the cryptic species (De Meester et al 2011) and that these interspecific interactions may result in species switching their type of food to avoid competition (Tilman 1976;Al-Naimi et al 2005;PostmaBlaauw et al 2005), influencing bacterial composition and as a consequence also the decomposition process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cryptic diversity and ecosystem functioning: a complex tale of differential effects on decomposition

et al. 2016

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Marine ecosystems are experiencing accelerating population and species loss. Some ecosystem functions are decreasing and there is growing interest in the link between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. The role of cryptic (morphologically identical but genetically distinct) species in this biodiversity-ecosystem functioning link is unclear and has not yet been formally tested. We tested if there is a differential effect of four cryptic species of the bacterivorous nematode Litoditis marina on the decomposition process of macroalgae. Bacterivorous nematodes can stimulate or slow down bacterial activity and modify the bacterial assemblage composition. Moreover, we tested if interspecific interactions among the four cryptic species influence the decomposition process. A laboratory experiment with both mono- and multispecific nematode cultures was conducted, and loss of organic matter and the activity of two key extracellular enzymes for the degradation of phytodetritus were assessed. L. marina mainly influenced qualitative aspects of the decomposition process rather than its overall rate: an effect of the nematodes on the enzymatic activities became manifest, although no clear nematode effect on bulk organic matter weight loss was found. We also demonstrated that species-specific effects on the decomposition process existed. Combining the four cryptic species resulted in high competition, with one dominant species, but without complete exclusion of other species. These interspecific interactions translated into different effects on the decomposition process. The species-specific differences indicated that each cryptic species may play an important and distinct role in ecosystem functioning. Functional differences may result in coexistence among very similar species.

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Competition, facilitation, and niche differentiation in two foliar pathogens

Cited by 66 publications

References 34 publications

Spatial distribution of lineages of oak powdery mildew fungi in France, using quick molecular detection methods

Spatial distribution of lineages of oak powdery mildew fungi in France, using quick molecular detection methods

Seedling resistance to Stagonospora nodorum blotch in wheat genotypes

Cryptic diversity and ecosystem functioning: a complex tale of differential effects on decomposition

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