Competence and Psychopathology in Development

Masten, Ann S.; Burt, Keith B.; Coatsworth, J. Douglas

doi:10.1002/9780470939406.ch19

Cited by 120 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 233 publications

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“…e) Desde los modelos explicativos del comportamiento criminal. La menor competencia en el manejo de las emociones, el menor desarrollo del auotoconcepto en todos los niveles y el recurso a estrategias desadaptativas que diferencian a los penados reincidentes de los primarios, prestan apoyo a los modelos de vulnerabilidad (Ross y Fabiano, 1985) a la hora de explicar la continuidad delictiva y, por deducción, a los de competencia (Masten et al, 2006), para alcanzar un tratamiento exitoso con los penados primarios, pues estas tres variables predicen la continuidad y progreso en el comportamiento criminal. Además, estos resultados avalan los modelos aditivos/acumulativos de factores de riesgo en el transcurso de la carrera delictiva y, por complementariedad, de acción protectora (McGuire, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Competencia cognitiva en penados primarios y reincidentes: Implicaciones para la reeducación

2014

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Resumen: La probabilidad de reincidencia delictiva es aproximadamente tres veces mayor para los penados reincidentes que para los primarios. En esta línea, se sugiere una relación entre el grado de comportamiento antisocial y delictivo, y el nivel de desarrollo de la competencia cognitiva. Así, se prevé que los penados reincidentes presenten un menor desarrollo de la competencia cognitiva que los primarios. Para comprobar esta hipótesis, 104 penados, 54 primarios y 50 reincidentes, que no habían sido previamente objeto de un tratamiento penitenciario, fueron evaluados en atribución de la responsabilidad, autoconcepto, afrontamiento e inteligencia emocional. Los resultados mostraron que los penados reincidentes tenían menos desarrollado el autoconcepto y la inteligencia emocional que los primarios. Además, se observó una mayor tendencia en los reincidentes a afrontar las situaciones estresantes y de riesgo a través de estrategias no adaptativas (v.gr., centradas en las emociones, evitativas). Sin embargo, primarios y reincidentes se atribuyen por igual la responsabilidad. En suma, los penados reincidentes son menos competentes cognitivamente que los primarios. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la reeducación, resocialización y reinserción social de los penados. Palabras clave: Presos; competencia cognitiva; reincidencia; reeducación. Title:Cognitive competence among recidivist and non-recidivist prisoners: Implications for the rehabilitation. Abstract: The probability of recidivism in delinquency is approximately three times more for the recidivist than for the non-recidivist prisoners. In this sense, it has been suggested a relationship between the degree of antisocial and delinquent behavior, and the development of the cognitive competence. Thus, it presumes that recidivist prisoners have less cognitive competence than non-recidivist. To test this hypothesis, 104 prisoners, 54 non-recidivists and 50 recidivists, which have no previously submitted to an in-prison treatment to empower the cognitive and social competence, were assessed on the attribution of responsibility, self-concept, coping strategies and emotional intelligence. Results showed that recidivist prisoners had less developed the emotional intelligence and the self-concept than nonrecidivist. Moreover, recidivist prisoners, in comparison to non-recidivist, evidenced a greater tendency to cope with stressful and risk situations through non-adaptive strategies (i.e., centered on emotions, avoidance). Nevertheless, recidivist and non-recidivist were similar in the attribution of responsibility. In summary, recidivist prisoners have a less cognitive competence than non-recidivist. The implications of these results for prisoners' reeducation, resocialization and social rehabilitation are discussed. Key words: Prisoner; cognitive competence; recidivism; rehabilitation. IntroducciónLas penas privativas de libertad, esto es, el internamiento en prisión, han de estar orientadas a "la reeducación y reinserción social" (Art. 25.2 de la Const...

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Competencia cognitiva en penados primarios y reincidentes: Implicaciones para la reeducación

2014

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“…Internalizing behavioral problems, on the other hand, are less covered in academic research because they involve internal characteristics including loneliness, depression, anxiety, and fear-characteristics that are, in other words, more difficult to detect. Both externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems are intertwined as they usually occur together (Masten et al 2006) or influence each other (Gillom and Shaw 2004). Externalizing and internalizing behavioral problems should be considered together because children showing both types of behavioral problems simultaneously are likely to keep experiencing those problems or suffer from mental illness or social maladjustment (Basten et al 2016;Sourander et al 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying Korean children’s behavioral problems and their influencing factors: a latent profile analysis

Lee¹,

Kim

Yi³

et al. 2017

ICEP

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“…Could we map DNA methylation changes early in life that predict risk and resilience and provide mechanistic insight as well? Does consistent exposure to positive, supportive environments produce a methylation pattern that places children on a positive developmental trajectory, more resilient to subsequent adversities [36]? Are DNA methylation patterns defined by early life experience altered with childhood, adolescence, and adult experience and how do these changes relate to environmental exposures?…”

Section: Summary and Prospectivementioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamic epigenome and its implications for behavioral interventions: a role for epigenetics to inform disorder prevention and health promotion

Szyf

Tang

Hill

et al. 2016

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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The emerging field of behavioral epigenetics is producing a growing body of evidence that early life experience and social exposure can alter the way by which genes are marked with DNA methylation. We hypothesize that changes in DNA methylation as well as other epigenetic markers could generate stable phenotypes. Early life adversity appears to result in altered DNA methylation of genes in the brain and peripheral tissues, and these changes are associated with adverse phenotypic changes. Although the data are still sparse, early epigenetic studies have provided a proof of principle that experiences and the environment leave marks on genes, and thus suggest molecular and physical mechanisms for the epidemiological concept of gene-environment interaction. The main attraction of DNA methylation for type I (TI) translational prevention science is the fact that, different from genetic changes that are inherited from our ancestors, DNA methylation is potentially preventable and reversible and, therefore, there is a prospect of epigenetically targeted interventions. In addition, DNA methylation markers might provide an objective tool for assessing effects of early adverse experience on individual risks as well as providing objective measures of progress of an intervention. In spite of this great potential promise of the emerging field of social and translational epigenetics, many practical challenges remain that must be addressed before behavioral epigenetics could become translational epigenetics.

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Competence and Psychopathology in Development

Cited by 120 publications

References 233 publications

Competencia cognitiva en penados primarios y reincidentes: Implicaciones para la reeducación

Competencia cognitiva en penados primarios y reincidentes: Implicaciones para la reeducación

Classifying Korean children’s behavioral problems and their influencing factors: a latent profile analysis

The dynamic epigenome and its implications for behavioral interventions: a role for epigenetics to inform disorder prevention and health promotion

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