h t t p s : / / j o u r n a l s. c o p m a d r i d. o rg / e j p a l c Child-to-parent violence has received little attention in the scientific literature, but recently it has become the focus of scientific scrutiny owing to the sudden increase in the recorded rates of this type of violence (Condry & Miles, 2014). Thus, the prevalence of childto-parent violence (i.e., hitting either parent) in the USA for a 3-year period ranged from 6.5 to 10.8% (Peek, Fisher, & Kidwell, 1985); in Canada for a 6-month period the prevalence rate ranged from 12% to 60% for physical aggression and verbal aggression, respectively (Pagani et al., 2004(Pagani et al., , 2009; in Spain, where most field studies have been performed (Moulds & Day, 2017), the prevalence rate ranged from 21% for physical violence and psychological abuse to 46% for emotional abuse . In contrast, other studies in Canada and France found much lower prevalence rates of around 0.6% (DeKeseredy, 1993;Laurent & Derry, 1999). Moreover, prevalence is influenced by sociodemographic variables, economic status, child and parent gender, and family structure (Agnew & Huguley, 1989;Nowakowski-Sims & Rowe, 2015;Peek et al., 1985). The discrepancies in the results of prevalence rates are in all probability due to different definitions of child-to-parent violence, which in turn entail variations in measures and measurement instruments.
Intervention programs for batterers have been the subject of controversy ever since their conception. These interventions have been open to criticism from both a restorative perspective and a feminist perspective demanding resources should be allocated to victims, not to batterers. Such criticism, however, comes into direct conflict with the legal and judicial mandate of prison institutions that are obliged
Resumen: La probabilidad de reincidencia delictiva es aproximadamente tres veces mayor para los penados reincidentes que para los primarios. En esta línea, se sugiere una relación entre el grado de comportamiento antisocial y delictivo, y el nivel de desarrollo de la competencia cognitiva. Así, se prevé que los penados reincidentes presenten un menor desarrollo de la competencia cognitiva que los primarios. Para comprobar esta hipótesis, 104 penados, 54 primarios y 50 reincidentes, que no habían sido previamente objeto de un tratamiento penitenciario, fueron evaluados en atribución de la responsabilidad, autoconcepto, afrontamiento e inteligencia emocional. Los resultados mostraron que los penados reincidentes tenían menos desarrollado el autoconcepto y la inteligencia emocional que los primarios. Además, se observó una mayor tendencia en los reincidentes a afrontar las situaciones estresantes y de riesgo a través de estrategias no adaptativas (v.gr., centradas en las emociones, evitativas). Sin embargo, primarios y reincidentes se atribuyen por igual la responsabilidad. En suma, los penados reincidentes son menos competentes cognitivamente que los primarios. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la reeducación, resocialización y reinserción social de los penados. Palabras clave: Presos; competencia cognitiva; reincidencia; reeducación. Title:Cognitive competence among recidivist and non-recidivist prisoners: Implications for the rehabilitation. Abstract: The probability of recidivism in delinquency is approximately three times more for the recidivist than for the non-recidivist prisoners. In this sense, it has been suggested a relationship between the degree of antisocial and delinquent behavior, and the development of the cognitive competence. Thus, it presumes that recidivist prisoners have less cognitive competence than non-recidivist. To test this hypothesis, 104 prisoners, 54 non-recidivists and 50 recidivists, which have no previously submitted to an in-prison treatment to empower the cognitive and social competence, were assessed on the attribution of responsibility, self-concept, coping strategies and emotional intelligence. Results showed that recidivist prisoners had less developed the emotional intelligence and the self-concept than nonrecidivist. Moreover, recidivist prisoners, in comparison to non-recidivist, evidenced a greater tendency to cope with stressful and risk situations through non-adaptive strategies (i.e., centered on emotions, avoidance). Nevertheless, recidivist and non-recidivist were similar in the attribution of responsibility. In summary, recidivist prisoners have a less cognitive competence than non-recidivist. The implications of these results for prisoners' reeducation, resocialization and social rehabilitation are discussed. Key words: Prisoner; cognitive competence; recidivism; rehabilitation. IntroducciónLas penas privativas de libertad, esto es, el internamiento en prisión, han de estar orientadas a "la reeducación y reinserción social" (Art. 25.2 de la Const...
Parental separation is linked to multiple negative outcomes for children in all spheres of life. A field study was designed to estimate the epidemiology and to quantify the outcomes on the wellbeing of children from separated parents. Thus, data on socio-economic status, psychological adjustment, behavioral disorders, social relations, self-concept, and academic achievement were gathered from 346 children and adolescents, 173 separated parents, and 173 parents from intact families in the paediatric catchment area of Galicia (Spain). The results showed that parental separation had a significant negative impact on the children’s and adolescents’ family income (increasing the probability of falling below the poverty line); psychological adjustment (i.e., higher scores in anxiety, depression, hostility, paranoid ideation, and interpersonal alienation); social relations (i.e., less self-control in social relations; higher social withdrawal); self-concept (lower levels of academic, emotional, physical, and family self-concept), and academic achievement (lower academic achievement with higher school dropout rates). Moreover, children from separated families had a higher probability of being exposed to gender violence. Epidemiologically, parental separation is associated to the probability of falling below the poverty line 33.9%; being exposed to gender violence 43.2%; and symptoms such as depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation interpersonal alienation, and social withdrawal, i.e., 20, 17, 27, 20, 19, and 35.5%, respectively. Inversely, self-control in social relations, and academic, emotional, physical, and family self-concept fell to 16, 32, 27, 22, and 37%, respectively. The interrelationship among these variables and the implications of these results for interventions are discussed.
Background/Objective: In child custody disputes, one of the remit of the forensic psychologist is to evaluate parental attributes while suspecting defensiveness. The instrument of choice for undertaking this double task is the MMPI. Method: As to establish the state of the art on this, a meta-analysis was undertaken with a total of 32 primary studies from which 256 effect sizes were assessed. A meta-analysis was undertaken, effect sizes were corrected for sampling error and criterion unreliability. Results: The results revealed a positive, significant, large and generalizable mean true effect size for the L, K, S and MP scales, and the L + K and L + K-F indexes. The Wsd was positive, significant and large, but not generalizable. A negative and significant, but not generalizable mean true effect size was found for the F and generalizable for F–K index. The effect sizes for the L, K, S and MP scales, and the L + K and L + K-F indexes were equal. Both the gender of parents (father vs. mother) and the context of evaluation (parent child custody disputes vs. parenting capacity) were assessed as moderators. Conclusions: The results are discussed in relation to forensic practice.
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