“…Fractional order PID controller tuned by bat algorithm for robot trajectory control (Mohammad A. Faraj) 75 possible due to developments of an evolutionary optimization algorithms. Several bio inspired optimization techniques has been tested and implemented as powerful tool for solving an optimization problem for different applications such as : genetic algorithm GA [17], particle swarm optimization PSO [18,19], ant colony optimization (ACO) [20], differential evolution (DE), artificial bee colony [21], Cuckoo search algorithms (CSA) [22,23], bat algorithm [24]. Many of these algorithms has been focused on tuning FOPID controller parameters for robotic manipulators [17,18,22,23,25].…”