Compensatory growth following various time lengths of restricted feeding in rainbow trout (O ncorhynchus mykiss ) under summer conditions

Abstract

SummaryThis study was conducted to determine the effects of various time lengths of restricted feeding at 0.5% of body weight on compensatory growth (CG) in rainbow trout under summer conditions. Seven treatments with triplicate tanks consisted of control (C) fed to satiation over 98 days and the remainder being one (R1) to six (R6) weeks of restriction and then refeeding for the remaining 8 weeks of the experiment. At the end of the experiment R1 and R2 were able to catch up with C. Repeated measures ANOVA suggested a convergence in body mass but not in body length (structure), whereas there was an association between mass and structural CG responses. Hyperphagia and transiently better food utilisation were main mechanisms of the observed CG. Organosomatic indices of the restricted groups were significantly reduced at the end of the restriction periods, but were restored to the control fish levels by the end of the refeeding period. There was a linear increase in body moisture and a decrease in lipid and lipid/lean body mass ratio with the severity of the restriction periods, but these trends vanished by the end of refeeding. The findings of the present experiment suggest that restricted feeding and the following realimentation to elicit CG as a management tool can be used in rainbow trout, but for no more than 2 weeks under summer conditions.

The effects of different cycles of starvation and re-feeding on growth and body composition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792)

“…This decreasing HSI indicates that lipid and glycogen in the liver possibly decrease (used as an energy source) and therefore the protein content in the liver is preserved (Gaylord and Gatlin, ; Peres et al., ). Previous studies reported that HSI values decreased in fish subjected to starvation (Turano et al., ; Eroldoğan et al., ; Peres et al., ; Sevgili et al., ,b). The result for the S3 group showing partial compensation in our study is similar to reports from previous studies.…”

“…(), when a fish requires more energy than it receives from feed it then uses reserve energy for sustenance. A reduction in the amount of body lipid in longer fasting periods occurs and lipid restoration may take time, depending on the fish species (Qian et al., ; Ali et al., ; Sevgili et al., ,b). Therefore, the higher lipid level and a growth rate in the S1 group, despite similar food consumption of the control, may be explained by a shorter food deprivation period.…”

“…In many studies, full compensation was observed, especially when starvation periods were not too long (Dobson and Holmes, ; Quinton and Blake, ; Jobling et al., ; Wang et al., ; Johansen et al., ; Xie et al., ; Nikki et al., ; Tian and Qin, ; Zhu et al., ; Kankanen and Pirhonen, ; Liu et al., ). Partial compensation was less frequent in starved animals than those continuously fed but occurred generally in studies with long starvation periods (Ali et al., ; Tian and Qin, , ; Eroldoğan et al., ; Liu et al., ; Sevgili et al., ). However, better utilization of the feed was obtained in fish with partial compensation (Ali et al., ; Tian and Qin, ; Eroldoğan et al., ; Liu et al., ; Adaklı and Taşbozan, ).…”

“…Compensatory growth (CG) has been studied in a wide range of fish species, e.g. salmonids (Quinton and Blake, ; Jobling et al., ; Jobling and Koskela, ; Boujard et al., ; Johansen et al., ; Nikki et al., ; Sevgili et al., ,b), hybrid striped bass ( Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis ) (Turano et al., , ), gibel carp ( Carrasius auratus gibelio ) (Qian et al., ; Xie et al., ), barramundi ( Lates calcarifer ) (Tian and Qin, , ), hybrid tilapia ( O. mossambicus × O. niloticus ) (Wang et al., , ), Chinese longsnout catfish (Zhu et al., ), Atlantic halibut (Heide et al., ), red sea bream ( Pagrus major ) (Oh et al., ), gilthead sea bream ( Sparus aurata ) (Eroldoğan et al., ), Nile tilapia ( O. niloticus ) (Wang et al., ), Chinese sturgeon ( Acipenser sinensis ) (Liu et al., ) as well as other fish species.…”

The influence of thermal extremes on coral reef fish behaviour in the Persian Gulf

“…Our results hint that the key to their survival may be their ability to undertake seasonal energy recovery in spring, compensating for energy loss during winter while building up energetic stores to endure the upcoming summer season (Armstrong and Bond 2013). Many studies on temperate fishes have highlighted the ability to compensate energetic and growth losses during periods of adverse temperatures or food scarcity through increased feeding rate and feeding activity when conditions become favourable again (Sevgili et al 2013; Armstrong and Bond 2013; Furey et al 2016; Peng et al 2017). For P. trichrourus such periods of recovery, where it can access highly nutritious food resources (Shraim et al 2017) under optimal environmental temperatures (Kaschner et al 2016), may be vital for mitigating energy loss during winter and summer, and hence ultimately permit the persistence of abundant populations within the southern Gulf throughout the year.…”