Compensation of dispersion in optical fibers for the 1.3-1.6 mu m region with a grating and telescope

Optical steganography transmission of optical CDMA signals over a public BPSK channel

“…Thus, assuming no modal dispersion, the travel time of each wavelength over a unit length of fiber depends on these two parameters. When a pulse travels through the fiber, each wavelength travels at different speed and the pulse broadens, which is termed chromatic dispersion (Frenkel et al, 1989). Optical fibers are a sort of waveguide for optical frequencies (light) widely used in modern telecommunications systems.…”

Optical waveguide design using inverse transmission line techniques

“…A fiber in which the dispersion is low over a broad wavelength range is defined as the dispersion flattened fiber. A few refractive index profiles for an optical fiber have been proposed to get dispersion zero or flattened characteristics over a wavelength range of 1300 nm to 1550 nm (Frenkel, Heritage et al 1989;Hinata, Furukawa et al 1994;Lundin 1994;Survaiya and Shevgaonkar 1996). Dispersion can also be controlled using dispersion management (Ennser, Ibsen et al 1998).…”

“…In designing optical fibers for the 1550 nm zero dispersion region, designers make use of the fact that waveguide and material dispersions are of opposite sign and as a result shifts the zero dispersion for longer wavelengths (Frenkel et al 1989). The waveguide dispersion value is affected by the refractive index profile of the optical fiber.…”