Compendium of Physical Activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities

Ainsworth, Barbara E.; Haskell, William L.; Whitt, Melicia C.; Irwin, Melinda L.; Swartz, Ann M.; Strath, Scott J.; O’Brien, W. L.; Bassett, David R.; Schmitz, Kathryn H.; Emplaincourt, Patricia O.; Jacobs, David R.; Leon, Arthur S.

doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009

Cited by 7,274 publications

(5,848 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The daily physical activity level (PAL) was calculated using the factorial method by multiplying time spent in each activity category by the respective metabolic equivalent value (MET), and then dividing the METhours by 24. MET values were based on international tables 22,23 . Daily EE was calculated as PAL multiplied by BMR for each individual, and the mean for the 7 days was used as reported EE (EE rep ).…”

Section: Dietary Intake and Personal Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of misreporters of dietary intake and physical activity

Rasmussen¹,

Matthiessen²,

Biltoft-Jensen³

et al. 2007

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To characterise misreporters of energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). Design: Cross-sectional study, using a validated position and motion instrument, ActiReg w , as the reference method to study misreporters of EI and of EE. EI was measured using a dietary record and EE using a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ). Misreporters were defined as subjects outside the 95% confidence limits of agreement between EI or EE reported/EE measured. Setting: Free-living Danish volunteers. Subjects: One hundred and thirty-eight volunteers aged between 20 and 59 years. Results: Body mass index, smoking, 'try to eat healthily' and worries about weight were related to degree of under-reported EI. The percentage energy from added sugar was lowest (P , 0.001) and the percentage energy from protein (P , 0.001) highest in under-reporters compared with acceptable reporters. Subjects who reported being very physically active at work or in leisure time reported a higher EE than measured EE compared with less physically active subjects (P , 0.05). Likewise, subjects who regard themselves as fit or very fit reported a higher EE than subjects who regard themselves as moderately fit (P , 0.05). Possible over-reporters reported less time as very light activity (P ¼ 0.007), more time as moderate activity (P ¼ 0.01) and more time as vigorous activity (P ¼ 0.02) than acceptable reporters. Conclusions: Under-reporting of EI should always be taken into consideration; however, only a few characteristics of under-reporters are consistent among studies. Misreporting of EI was more prevalent than misreporting of EE. The level of physical activity more than the time spent involved in various activities was misreported. Keywords Dietary records Energy intake Energy expenditure Physical activity MisreportingUnder-reporting of energy intake (EI) is a common problem in dietary studies. Characteristics of underreporters have been investigated in a number of studies using various methods, but the results have not been consistent. The most common finding is a relationship between increased under-reporting and increased body mass index (BMI). This relationship is found in most 1 -4 but not all 5,6 studies. However, a relationship with body fat is not always found; in a study in women, a relationship between percentage body fat and under-reporting was not found, although a relationship with BMI was found 2 , whereas in another study the opposite relationships were found 6 . Under-reporting has been found to increase with increasing age 1,3,7 and to be more frequent in women than in men 5 -7 . However, in Denmark, this trend has not been identified recently 8 . Other characteristics of underreporters are less frequently identified. Smokers have been found to under-report EI less frequently than non-smokers 1,7,9 , although this finding has not been consistent 10 . Furthermore, educational level has been associated with under-reporting, but both a high and a low educational level has been related to under-reporting, and many stud...

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Section: Dietary Intake and Personal Interviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of misreporters of dietary intake and physical activity

Rasmussen¹,

Matthiessen²,

Biltoft-Jensen³

et al. 2007

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The number of times this activity has been performed and the average duration of its practice on each occasion were then recorded. Each physical activity had an intensity code obtained in standardized experimental situations, based on the ratio between the metabolic rate during work and the basal metabolic rate (Ainsworth et al, 2000). An estimation of energy expenditure in the LTPA in MET Á min/day was obtained.…”

Section: Diet Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An estimation of energy expenditure in the LTPA in MET Á min/day was obtained. One MET, the energy expended by sitting quietly, is equivalent to 3.5 ml of oxygen uptake per kilogram of bodyweight per minute (Ainsworth et al, 2000). A sedentary lifestyle was defined as an energy expenditure during leisure time lower than 1000 MET min/week.…”

Section: Diet Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality and lifestyle associated with free selected low-energy density diets in a representative Spanish population

et al. 2007

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Objective: Dietary intake is strongly influenced by the energy density of the diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of energy density with diet quality, dietary reference intake (DRI) for energy and lifestyle characteristics in free-living people. Subjects: The subjects were Spanish men (n ¼ 1491) and women (n ¼ 1563) selected in between 1999 and 2000 among the general population according to the 1996 census. Results: A low-energy density diet was significantly associated (Po0.001) with a higher consumption of vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and white meat as compared to high-energy density diets. More subjects (Po0.001) with a high adherence to low-energy density diets meet DRI for energy intake and tended to be closer (Po0.05) to the recommendations of dietary intakes, established by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition than those following a high-energy density diet. Alcohol consumption, the prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and smoking significantly increased (Po0.01) across quartile distribution of energy density. Conclusion: Low-energy density diets of the present population were associated with a healthier lifestyle. Furthermore, our data suggest that adherence to low-energy density diets, with similar characteristics to those found in the present population, promote adequate energy intakes and increase overall diet quality.

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“…If, for instance, the PAR factors are too low at high intensity levels this could have a fairly large impact on the calculated PAL. Also, the PAR factors used for activities of lower intensity, such as washing-up and light gardening work, may have been too low (Ainsworth et al, 2000). Furthermore, when estimating the TEE by means of the AR, the PAL-value obtained was multiplied by the BMR estimated using the equations by the Department of Health (1991), which are standard equations not specifically developed for individuals with RA.…”

Section: Validity Of the Reported Energy Expenditurementioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of reported energy expenditure and reported intake of energy, protein, sodium and potassium in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a dietary intervention study

et al. 2004

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Objectives: The aim of the study was to validate a diet history interview (DHI) method and a 3-day activity registration (AR) with biological markers. Subjects and study design: The reported dietary intake of 33 rheumatoid arthritis patients (17 patients on a Mediterraneantype diet and 16 patients on a control diet) participating in a dietary intervention study was assessed using the DHI method. The total energy expenditure (TEE), estimated by a 3-day AR, was used to validate the energy intake (EI). For nine subjects the activity registration was also validated by means of the doubly labelled water (DLW) method. The excretion of nitrogen, sodium and potassium in 24-h urine samples was used to validate the intake of protein, sodium and potassium. Results: There was no significant difference between the EI and the TEE estimated by the activity registration or between the intake of protein, sodium and potassium and their respective biological markers. However, in general, the AR underestimated the TEE compared to the DLW method. No significant differences were found between the subjects in the Mediterranean diet group and the control diet group regarding the relationship between the reported intakes and the biological markers. Conclusion: The DHI could capture the dietary intake fairly well, and the dietary assessment was not biased by the dietary intervention. The AR showed a bias towards underestimation when compared to the DLW method. This illustrates the importance of valid biological markers.

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Compendium of Physical Activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities

Cited by 7,274 publications

References 23 publications

Characteristics of misreporters of dietary intake and physical activity

Characteristics of misreporters of dietary intake and physical activity

Diet quality and lifestyle associated with free selected low-energy density diets in a representative Spanish population

Validity of reported energy expenditure and reported intake of energy, protein, sodium and potassium in rheumatoid arthritis patients in a dietary intervention study

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