Characteristics of misreporters of dietary intake and physical activity

Abstract

Objective: To characterise misreporters of energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). Design: Cross-sectional study, using a validated position and motion instrument, ActiReg w , as the reference method to study misreporters of EI and of EE. EI was measured using a dietary record and EE using a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ). Misreporters were defined as subjects outside the 95% confidence limits of agreement between EI or EE reported/EE measured. Setting: Free-living Danish volunteers. Subjects: One hundred and thirty-eight volunteers aged between 20 and 59 years. Results: Body mass index, smoking, 'try to eat healthily' and worries about weight were related to degree of under-reported EI. The percentage energy from added sugar was lowest (P , 0.001) and the percentage energy from protein (P , 0.001) highest in under-reporters compared with acceptable reporters. Subjects who reported being very physically active at work or in leisure time reported a higher EE than measured EE compared with less physically active subjects (P , 0.05). Likewise, subjects who regard themselves as fit or very fit reported a higher EE than subjects who regard themselves as moderately fit (P , 0.05). Possible over-reporters reported less time as very light activity (P ¼ 0.007), more time as moderate activity (P ¼ 0.01) and more time as vigorous activity (P ¼ 0.02) than acceptable reporters. Conclusions: Under-reporting of EI should always be taken into consideration; however, only a few characteristics of under-reporters are consistent among studies. Misreporting of EI was more prevalent than misreporting of EE. The level of physical activity more than the time spent involved in various activities was misreported. Keywords Dietary records Energy intake Energy expenditure Physical activity MisreportingUnder-reporting of energy intake (EI) is a common problem in dietary studies. Characteristics of underreporters have been investigated in a number of studies using various methods, but the results have not been consistent. The most common finding is a relationship between increased under-reporting and increased body mass index (BMI). This relationship is found in most 1 -4 but not all 5,6 studies. However, a relationship with body fat is not always found; in a study in women, a relationship between percentage body fat and under-reporting was not found, although a relationship with BMI was found 2 , whereas in another study the opposite relationships were found 6 . Under-reporting has been found to increase with increasing age 1,3,7 and to be more frequent in women than in men 5 -7 . However, in Denmark, this trend has not been identified recently 8 . Other characteristics of underreporters are less frequently identified. Smokers have been found to under-report EI less frequently than non-smokers 1,7,9 , although this finding has not been consistent 10 . Furthermore, educational level has been associated with under-reporting, but both a high and a low educational level has been related to under-reporting, and many stud...

Characteristics of under- and over-reporters of energy intake among 18–20-year-old males: the Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study

“…Both mean BMI and body fat and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were markedly higher among the under-reporters, confirming the associations seen in earlier studies (4)(5)(6)(7)9,10,13,25) . The over-reporters had significantly lower BMI and 97 % of them had a BMI below 25 kg/m 2 , as compared with 88 % in the study by Johansson et al (9) .…”

Notificação imprecisa da ingestão energética entre usuários de Serviços de Promoção à Saúde

“…A prevalência de supernotificação encontrada (0,8%) foi semelhante à de outros trabalhos, cujos valores variaram de 0,0% a 7,9% 3,4,11,22 , confirmando que o principal problema em estudos que abrangem a avaliação dietética é a subnotificação 11 .…”

“…Esse parâ-metro, comumente está atrelado ao descontentamento com a imagem corporal e ao desejo de ajuste social, que favorecem uma resposta mais aceitável socialmente 23,27 . Rasmussem et al 11 ain- da encontraram associação com a tentativa de comer de forma mais saudável e a preocupação com o peso corporal. Associado a esse fator encontra-se a relação com o excesso de peso, que é bem relatada pela literatura 3,4,11,[22][23][24][25][26] em virtude da comum insatisfação corporal evidenciada nestes casos 22,27 .…”

“…Rasmussem et al 11 ain- da encontraram associação com a tentativa de comer de forma mais saudável e a preocupação com o peso corporal. Associado a esse fator encontra-se a relação com o excesso de peso, que é bem relatada pela literatura 3,4,11,[22][23][24][25][26] em virtude da comum insatisfação corporal evidenciada nestes casos 22,27 . No presente estudo observou-se relação independente entre subnotificação e a classificação de CC muito elevada, que também é um indicativo de excesso de peso, principalmente no que diz respeito ao excesso de gordura abdominal 29 .…”

“…O estudo foi realizado com todos os usuá-rios das Academias da Cidade que atendessem aos critérios de inclusão: ter 20 anos ou mais de idade, aceitar participar da pesquisa por meio da assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido e, para fins de análise, declaração de não estar realizando alguma tentativa atual para perda ou ganho de peso em virtude da sua implicação na notificação do consumo alimentar e possível confundimento nas análises 11 . Foram excluídas gestantes, usuários que faltaram a três marcações para a realização das entrevistas e aqueles que necessitavam de auxílio para responder o questionário.…”