Compatibilization of HDPE/agar biocomposites with eutectic-based ionic liquid containing surfactant

Abstract

In this research, eutectic-based ionic liquid specifically choline chloride/glycerol was prepared at a 1:2 mole ratio. The choline chloride/glycerol was added with the different content of surfactant (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide). The choline chloride/glycerol-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide was introduced into high-density polyethylene/agar biocomposites through melt mixing. The mechanical testing results indicated that the impact strength and tensile extension of the biocomposites increased with the introduction of the choline chloride/glycerol-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The scanning electron microscope, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis results exhibited that significant decrease in the number of agar fillers pull-out, melting point and thermal decomposition temperatures of the biocomposites are also due to the choline chloride/glycerol-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The Fourier transform infrared spectra and X-ray diffractometer patterns of the biocomposites introduced with the choline chloride/glycerol-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide demonstrate the presence of physical interactions, which contributes to the increase of compatibility between both high-density polyethylene and agar. In conclusion, high-density polyethylene/agar biocomposites could be compatibilized with eutectic-based ionic liquid containing surfactant, choline chloride/glycerol-hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide.

Influence of Surface Treatment on Tensile Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene/Cellulose Woven Biocomposites: A Preliminary Study

“…The FTIR spectra of all samples except for LDPE revealed strong intensity broad bands in the range of 3336 to 3330 cm 1 that could be attributed to the O-H stretching of the alcohol group. On top of that, the obvious bands with strong intensity that is responsible for the CH 2 asymmetric stretching and CH 2 symmetric stretching of the methylene group discovered at the bands of 2913 and 2849 cm 1 , respectively [13]. The apparent bands with medium intensity in the region of 2902 to 2897 cm 1 that present in untreated CW and treated CW are associated with the C-H stretching of the alkane group [26].…”

“…The LDPE was sandwiched between two layers of treated CW in the mold with dimension of 150 × 150 × 1 mm 3 . The molding procedures involved preheating at 150 °C for 7 min, compression at 150 °C for 2 min and subsequent cooling at 20 °C for 5 min [13]. The resultant biocomposites were conditioned in an oven at 70 °C for at least up to 24 h prior to characterizations.…”

“…The bands with weak intensity at around 1430 to 1428 cm 1 are caused by the O-H bending of the alcohol group. Besides that, the bands with strong intensity at around 1029 to 1025 cm 1 are could be ascribed to the C-O stretching of the alcohol group while the observable bands with medium intensity at nearly 720 to 715 cm 1 are correspond to the CH 2 rocking deformation [13,27]. On the other hand, the bands with weak intensity at around 438 to 431 cm 1 are assigned to the CH 3 wagging mode [28].…”

“…Moreover, they can act as interaction links between non-polar hydrophobic and polar hydrophilic polymers [13]. Previous studies have indicated that the anionic and cationic surfactants could successfully be utilized as compatibilizing agents in polymer blend systems especially for polar and non-polar polymers [14,15].…”

Wastewater treatment enhancement by applying a lipopeptide biosurfactant to a lignocellulosic biocomposite

“…Shamsuri, Daik, Zainudin, and Tahir (2014) introduced hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide into high-density polyethylene/agar biocomposites observing that the impact strength and tensile extension of the biocomposites increased with the introduction of the surfactant. These authors also observed a significant decrease in the number of agar fillers pullout, melting point and thermal decomposition temperatures of the biocomposites when submitted to thermal gravimetric analysis.…”