Comparisons of turkey embryos incubated in tenuous or dense gas environments—II. Organ growth

Bagley, L. G.; Christensen, V. L.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(89)90065-0

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, at higher altitudes, the air has fewer oxygen molecules and lower partial pressure of O 2 (1.0% less for each 500m increase) due to the decrease in barometric partial pressure. Egg incubation in high altitude areas (over 600 meters above sea level) increases late embryonic mortality and reduces hatchability and hatchling weight due to reduced O 2 partial pressure (Schmidt-Nielsen, 2010;Sahan et al, 2011), which creates a hypoxic or a hypercarpnic environment (Coleman, 1986;Bagley & Christensen 1989;Mauldin & Buhr, 1991;Sahan et al, 2011.). Although the lower partial pressure (Tazawa;et al, 1971;Ruijtenbeek et al, 2000), these are not sufficient to restore normal embryonic and fetal development.…”

Section: Air Quality: O 2 and Co 2 Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poultry Egg Incubation: Integrating and Optimizing Production Efficiency

Boleli

Morita

Matos

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Due to its central position in the production chain, in-ovo development is influenced by pre-incubation factors that affect the quality of embryonated eggs and incubation conditions themselves, and both may influence egg hatchability and chick quality, as well as bird survival, growth performance, and phenotype in the field. The evolution of the incubation process over the years is characterized by significant scientific and technological development. Presently, the main current focuses of research are the manipulation of thermal incubation conditions, eggshell temperature, and the integrated effects of factors that influence incubation. In this context, one of the questions that needs to be asked is how effective are the current physical conditions of incubation to promote greater hatchability and better quality chicks, and higher survival and better performance in the field under adverse conditions or not. What are the new and future prospects for incubation? The purpose of this paper was to review the role of the physical agents of incubation, such as temperature, relative humidity, O 2 and CO 2 concentration, and egg turning and position from an integrated perspective, considering egg incubation as the transitional link between egg and poultry production.

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Section: Air Quality: O 2 and Co 2 Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poultry Egg Incubation: Integrating and Optimizing Production Efficiency

Boleli

Morita

Matos

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…A lack of treatment effects on embryo hematology suggests that the poor hatchability (Bagley et al, 1990) and reduced growth (Bagley and Christensen, 1989) seen in prior experiments under identical experimental conditions may not have been caused by hypoxia at the level of the blood. Under conditions of the present study, the increased diffusion coefficient of oxygen at high altitude (Visschedijk and Rahn, 1981) apparently provided adequate oxygen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Hematological Indices of Turkey Embryos Incubated at High Altitude as Affected by Oxygen and Shell Permeability

1990

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Turkey eggs (Meleagris gallopavo) were incubated at an altitude of 1,707 m to test the effects of oxygen supplementation and increased eggshell permeability by removal of shell cuticle on embryonic hematology. Turkey embryo hematological indices measured were red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean cellular volume, mean cellular hemoglobin, and percentage of reticulocytes. Although hemoglobin concentration measured during pipping increased as expected by increasing RBC, no significant differences were observed between oxygenation, or permeability treatments, or their interaction. Under the high altitude conditions of the present experiment, increased hemoglobin concentrations in all treatments corresponded to increased numbers of erythrocytes with constant mean cellular hemoglobin. None of the remaining hematological indices examined was affected by oxygen or permeability treatments. It was concluded that turkey embryos incubating at 1,707-m elevation make no additional changes in hemoglobin concentrations during the plateau stage in oxygen consumption (25, 26, and 27 days of incubation) when exposed to increased oxygen tension (151 mm Hg versus 135 mm Hg) or increased eggshell permeability (19.9 mg H2O/day per mm Hg versus 23.2 mg H2O/day per mm Hg).

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“…The increased weight was not significant until the end of the oxygenation period (EP) but it persisted through the POST stage of development after oxygen was no longer added to the incubator. Oxygen has been shown to increase the growth of the embryonic heart at high altitudes (Smith et al, 1969;Bagley and Christensen, 1989) and at sea level (Tullett and Burton, 1987); but the oxygen exposure in all previous cases was for much longer periods of time. The current observations suggest the perinatal period (Days 25 and 26 of incubation) for turkey embryos is a critical period in which hypoxia may restrict the growth of the heart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of Oxygen and Maternal Dietary Iodine on Embryonic Carbohydrate Metabolism and Hatchability of Turkey Eggs

Christensen

Donaldson

1992

Poultry Science

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Fertile turkey eggs were produced by hens fed supplemental iodine to decrease eggshell conductance. The eggs were then incubated in an oxygen-enriched environment during Days 25 and 26 of incubation to test the hypothesis that maternal dietary iodine has separate effects on the eggshell permeability and the developing embryo. Oxygen supplementation improved hatchability regardless of dietary iodine treatment, suggesting that oxygen availability may limit hatching of eggs with normal gas conductance. Oxygen and dietary iodine did not affect body weight but interacted prior to pipping to affect embryonic liver and heart glycogen. Dietary iodine increased liver glycogen at internal pipping. The effects of oxygen on embryos, which were correlated directly with hatchability, were increased liver growth prior to pipping and increased heart weight at external pipping and posthatching. It was concluded that supplementing oxygen to incubating turkey eggs may improve hatchability by increasing liver and heart growth. Dietary iodine played only a minor or modulating role in assisting embryos to survive.

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Comparisons of turkey embryos incubated in tenuous or dense gas environments—II. Organ growth

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Poultry Egg Incubation: Integrating and Optimizing Production Efficiency

Poultry Egg Incubation: Integrating and Optimizing Production Efficiency

Hematological Indices of Turkey Embryos Incubated at High Altitude as Affected by Oxygen and Shell Permeability

Effect of Oxygen and Maternal Dietary Iodine on Embryonic Carbohydrate Metabolism and Hatchability of Turkey Eggs

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