Comparisons of soft tissue chin thickness in adult patients with various mandibular divergence patterns

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the association between soft tissue at the chin (STC) thickness and mandibular divergence. Materials and Methods: Nongrowing patients seeking orthodontic treatment (n 5 190; 113 women and 77 men), who had an average age of 26.94 years (range 5 18.10-53.50 years), were stratified in four subgroups based on cephalometric mandibular plane inclination to anterior cranial base (MP/SN): low 5 MP/SN # 27u (n 5 48); medium-low 5 27u , MP/SN # 32u (n 5 60); medium-high 5 32u , MP/SN , 37u (n 5 37); and high 5 MP/SN $ 37u (n 5 45). The STC thicknesses were measured at pogonion (Pog), gnathion (Gn), and menton (Me). Group differences were evaluated with two-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test. The Pearson product moment correlation gauged associations between parameters. Results:The STC values were greater in men than women (P , .02) and were smaller in the high group (7.47 6 2.42 mm) than in all other groups at Gn (mean values 5 9.00 mm , STC , 9.58 mm; P , .001) and at Me (high group 5 6.30 6 1.89 mm; other groups 5 7.15 mm , STC, 7.57 mm; P 5 .011). Conclusion: The STC is thinner at Gn and Me in hyperdivergent facial patterns, apparently in contrast to Pog. This differential thickness warrants focused research as it implies that it is possible (1) to vertically grow hard tissues impinging on the inferior soft tissue envelope in patients with severe hyperdivergence and (2) to plan for genioplasty in such patients when more advancement of the chin might be needed to compensate for the increased vertical height. (Angle Orthod. 2014;84:708-714.)

Assessment of the soft tissue chins thickness with different skeletal vertical patterns in Pakistani adults

“…The statistically significant differences were found at pogonion (P <0.001), gnathion (P<0.001) for both men and women and at Menton (P=0.005) and (P<0.001) for men and women respectively. The difference between this study with previous studies (Macari and Hanna, 2013;Celikoglu et al, 2015) might be due to racial and ethnic groups. Hyperdivergent patients have deficient chin which required advancement genioplasty in comparison with the hypodivergent patients which do not require advancement genioplasty.…”

“…A previous study which evaluated the soft chin thickness in adult patients with various mandibular divergence pattern, showed that the values of soft tissue chin thickness was statistically significant only at point gnation for both men and women (Macari and Hanna, 2013).…”

Comparisons of Soft Tissue Thickness Measurements in Adult Patients With Various Vertical Patterns

“…Few studies have also been carried out to assess the soft tissue thickness in adult patients with different vertical growth patterns (16,17). In our study, we also used Holdaway (15) analysis because it presents the soft tissue more in details with simplicity and directness in mind, and it is widely used for evaluation of soft tissue profiles.…”

Assessment of the soft tissue thickness at the lower anterior face in adult patients with different skeletal vertical patterns using cone-beam computed tomography

“…9 The power analysis showed that 19 patients were needed in each group. To increase the power of the study, more patients were included in each group.…”

“…However, it has been almost neglected for patients with different vertical growth patterns. A bibliographic search in Medline using PubMed and the key words ''soft tissue,'' ''soft tissue thickness,'' ''facial profile,'' and ''vertical growth pattern'' showed that there has been only one study 9 investigating the association between soft tissue chin thickness and different vertical growth patterns. Within the limitations of that study, 9 which was performed on cephalometric lateral films, the soft tissue thickness values were thinner in the high-angle group than in the other groups.…”