Comparisons of reproductive function and fatty acid fillet quality between triploid and diploid farm Atlantic salmon (
            <i>Salmo salar</i>
            )

Murray, David S.; Kainz, Martin J.; Hebberecht, Laura; Sales, Kris; Hindar, Kjetil; Gage, Matthew J. G.

doi:10.1098/rsos.180493

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 85 publications

(165 reference statements)

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“…In this regard, further studies will focus on examining the quality of rescued gametes, as well as investigating the germline transmission of dnd mutations, and will be followed by examinations of phenotypes and genotypes of juveniles in the F1 generation. (11,13,14,20) and in red for females (12,18,21,23); the mutation rates of dnd crispant mutants with rescued germ cells are shown as filled columns in blue for males (146,148,417,581) and in red for females (19,22,108,139); the mutation rates of wild type males (1,5) and wild type females (2, 160) are shown as filled columns in black but not detected, respectively. GCF ♂: testis of dnd crispant GCF male; Rescued ♂: testis of dnd crispant male with rescued germ cells; GCF ♀: ovary of dnd crispant GCF female.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4b). Some variants with mutation frequencies between 10 and 40% were only detected in five GCF gonads (sample ID 18,15,16,20,21;Fig. 4b, Supplementary Table S4).…”

Section: Relative Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atlantic salmon remained immature and did not undergo puberty 3 , which is not the case for triploid salmon males 20 . Yet, dnd deficient salmon lack germ cells and consequently cannot be used for breeding.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

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Rescue of germ cells in dnd crispant embryos opens the possibility to produce inherited sterility in Atlantic salmon

Güralp

Skaftnesmo

Kjærner-Semb

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Genetic introgression of escaped farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) into wild populations is a major environmental concern for the salmon aquaculture industry. Using sterile fish in commercial aquaculture operations is, therefore, a sustainable strategy for bio-containment. So far, the only commercially used methodology for producing sterile fish is triploidization. However, triploid fish are less robust. A novel approach in which to achieve sterility is to produce germ cell-free salmon, which can be accomplished by knocking out the dead-end (dnd) gene using CRISPR-Cas9. The lack of germ cells in the resulting dnd crispants, thus, prevents reproduction and inhibits subsequent large-scale production of sterile fish. Here, we report a rescue approach for producing germ cells in Atlantic salmon dnd crispants. To achieve this, we co-injected the wild-type (wt) variant of salmon dnd mRNA together with CRISPR-Cas9 constructs targeting dnd into 1-cell stage embryos. We found that rescued one-year-old fish contained germ cells, type A spermatogonia in males and previtellogenic primary oocytes in females. The method presented here opens a possibility for large-scale production of germ-cell free Atlantic salmon offspring through the genetically sterile broodstock which can pass the sterility trait on the next generation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4b). Some variants with mutation frequencies between 10 and 40% were only detected in five GCF gonads (sample ID 18,15,16,20,21;Fig. 4b, Supplementary Table S4).…”

Section: Relative Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rescue of germ cells in dnd crispant embryos opens the possibility to produce inherited sterility in Atlantic salmon

Güralp

Skaftnesmo

Kjærner-Semb

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…A triploid organism has three haploid chromosome sets. When induced in a species of vertebrate where this has not developed as an evolutionary strategy, it typically renders the individual sterile, with males producing aneuploid sperm and females displaying gonadal dysgenesis [1][2][3]. Within fish, spontaneous triploidy has been documented at low frequencies in cultured populations [4][5][6], and has even been very occasionally observed in otherwise diploid wild populations [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromosome aberrations in pressure-induced triploid Atlantic salmon

et al. 2020

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Background: Triploid organisms have three sets of chromosomes. In Atlantic salmon, hydrostatic pressure treatment of newly fertilized eggs has been extensively used to produce triploids which are functionally sterile due to their unpaired chromosomes. These fish often perform poorly on commercial farms, sometimes without explanation. Inheritance patterns in individuals subjected to pressure treatment have not been investigated in Atlantic salmon thus far. However, work on other species suggests that this treatment can result in aberrant inheritance. We therefore studied this in Atlantic salmon by genotyping 16 polymorphic microsatellites in eyed eggs and juveniles which had been subjected to pressure-induction of triploidy. Communally reared juveniles including fish subjected to pressure-induction of triploidy and their diploid siblings were included as a control. Results: No diploid offspring were detected in any of the eggs or juveniles which were subjected to hydrostatic pressure; therefore, the induction of triploidy was highly successful. Aberrant inheritance was nevertheless observed in 0.9% of the eggs and 0.9% of the juveniles that had been subjected to pressure treatment. In the communally reared fish, 0.3% of the fish subjected to pressure treatment displayed aberrant inheritance, while their diploid controls displayed 0% aberrant inheritance. Inheritance errors included two eyed eggs lacking maternal DNA across all microsatellites, and, examples in both eggs and juveniles of either the maternal or paternal allele lacking in one of the microsatellites. All individuals displaying chromosome aberrations were otherwise triploid. Conclusions: This is the first study to document aberrant inheritance in Atlantic salmon that have been subjected to pressure-induction of triploidy. Our experiments unequivocally demonstrate that even when induction of triploidy is highly successful, this treatment can cause chromosome aberrations in this species. Based upon our novel data, and earlier studies in other organisms, we hypothesize that in batches of Atlantic salmon where low to modest triploid induction rates have been reported, aberrant inheritance is likely to be higher than the rates observed here. Therefore, we tentatively suggest that this could contribute to the unexplained poor performance of triploid salmon that is occasionally reported in commercial aquaculture. These hypotheses require further investigation.

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“…When sterile, triploid fish are interesting for aquaculture since it may present increased carcass yield (%) (do Nascimento, Pereira‐Santos, et al, ), higher fillet quality (Murray et al, ) and lower aggressiveness (Preston, Taylor, Adams, & Migaud, ). In addition, sterile triploids can reduce the risks caused by escaping (Piferrer et al, ) and also be used in technologies involving germ cell transplantation in order to ensure the production of donor gametes (Okutsu, Shikina, Kanno, Takeuchi, & Yoshizaki, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triploidization in the streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus inferred by flow cytometry, blood smears and karyological approaches

et al. 2020

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The streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus is an important fish species from the Neotropical region. In this study, a protocol of triploidization was established by temperature shock. Fertilized eggs were shocked at 2 min post-fertilization at 0, 38, 40 and 42°C. At 0°C, the embryos were maintained for 30 min, while the rest for 2 min.Heat shocked embryos and control (during all experiment) were incubated at 27°C.The ploidy status was confirmed by flow cytometry, erythrocyte diameter, conventional cytogenetics (Giemsa staining), chromosome banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization using 5S and 18S rDNA probes. Heat-shock at 40°C produced 96.7% of triploids and such a procedure did not reduce the fertilization, hatching rate and the percentage of normal embryos. The use of chromosome banding and FISH gave rise to effective procedure to identify triploids. The data obtained here is innovative for the species and bring new information for basic and applied studies. K E Y W O R D Scharacin, chromosome, fish, polyploid

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Comparisons of reproductive function and fatty acid fillet quality between triploid and diploid farm Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )

Cited by 22 publications

References 85 publications

Rescue of germ cells in dnd crispant embryos opens the possibility to produce inherited sterility in Atlantic salmon

Rescue of germ cells in dnd crispant embryos opens the possibility to produce inherited sterility in Atlantic salmon

Chromosome aberrations in pressure-induced triploid Atlantic salmon

Triploidization in the streaked prochilod Prochilodus lineatus inferred by flow cytometry, blood smears and karyological approaches

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