Comparisons of foot anthropometry and plantar arch indices between German and Brazilian children

Sacco, Isabel de Camargo Neves; Onodera, Andrea Naomi; Bosch, Kerstin; Rosenbaum, Dieter

doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0321-z

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…≤18 years). From other research, we know that there is a similar comparable development of the medial longitudinal arch in children between cultures and ethnicities 25 . Since we adapted our analysis for possible confounders such as sex, ethnicity, BMI and physical activity, our findings suggest that habitual footwear use influences the development of foot arch morphology in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Growing-up (habitually) barefoot influences the development of foot and arch morphology in children and adolescents

Hollander

Villiers

Sehner

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The development of the human foot is crucial for motor learning in children and adolescents as it ensures the basic requirements for bipedal locomotion and stable standing. Although there is an ongoing debate of the advantages and disadvantages of early and permanent footwear use, the influence of regular barefootness on foot characteristics in different stages of child development has not been extensively evaluated. A multicenter epidemiological study was conducted to compare the foot morphology between habitually barefoot children and adolescents (N = 810) to age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched counterparts that are used to wearing shoes. While controlling for confounders, we found that habitual footwear use has significant effects on foot-related outcomes in all age groups, such as a reduction in foot arch and hallux angles. The results indicate an impact of habitual footwear use on the development of the feet of children and adolescents. Therefore, growing up barefoot or shod may play an important role for childhood foot development, implying long-term consequences for motor learning and health later in life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Growing-up (habitually) barefoot influences the development of foot and arch morphology in children and adolescents

Hollander

Villiers

Sehner

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The Staheli's Plantar Arch Index and Chippaux-Smirak Index (Sacco et al 2015) were calculated (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jiménez Ormeno et al (2013) compared the foot morphology of Spanish school children of 6 to 12 years old based on their Body Mass Index and found that significant differences were found between normal weight and overweight children for all variables, except for the arch height. Studies conducted by Sacco et al (2015) showed a higher Chippaux-Smirak index of Brazilian children compared to German children. Abledu et al (2015) obtained bilateral foot prints from Ghanainan students aged between 18-30 years and found footprint dimensions (i.e.…”

Section: Conductedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Footprint analysis and prevalence of flatfoot: a study among the children of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

Bhattacharjee

Goswami

2017

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The present study envisages the morphological differences in anthropometric measurements on footprints among the preschool children and analyzes its manifestation in the different weight category. This study also focuses on the diagnosis of flatfoot among the studied population. Data has been collected from 160 participants (80 boys and 80 girls) from Bengali Hindu caste population aged 3 to 6 years. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight and body mass index. Other measurements on foot morphology included foot length, foot breadth diagonal, foot breadth horizontal, ball of the foot length, outside ball of the boot length, heel breadth, and toe lengths T1, T2, T3.T4, T5. Staheli's Plantar Arch Index, Chippaux-Smirak Index and foot angle were calculated. Various statistical tests like t-test, Pearson's correlation and ANOVA were performed. Among all the variables, foot breadth horizontal showed statistically significant difference between boys and girls (p<0.05). All the footprint dimensions showed a significant (p<0.05) positive correlation with height and weight in both the boys and the girls. However, the Staheli's Plantar Arch Index showed a significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with height and weight and Chippaux-Smirak Index showed a significant (p<0.05) negative correlation with height only among both the boys and the girls. Significant differences (ANOVA) were found between the foot morphology of children in three different weight categories (underweight, healthy and overweight) except the foot angle, and both indices. The present study evinces that weight affects the foot structure of the children. The prevalence of flatfoot was found to be 57.5% among the children with no significant difference (p<0.05) between the boys and the girls. The results thus provide a podium for intricate studies in the future. Timely prognosis of flatfoot in children can instigate early rectification of flat-footedness.

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“…Shoe fit is a complex issue that is influenced by multiple factors. There are differences in the ratio between the length and width of the foot by age [14,15], sex [16] and ethnicity [17][18][19][20], and even within the same sex and ethnicity [21][22][23]. To these factors should be added that the foot is a mobile structure that changes shape during different phases of gait [24], with a flattening of the foot during the mid-stance and elongation of the front of the rearfoot after forefoot contact [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Footprint Curvature in Spanish Women: Implications for Footwear Fit

Alonso-Montero

Torres-Rubio

Padrós-Flores

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The incorrect adjustment of footwear produces alterations in the foot that affect quality of life. The usual measurements for shoe design are lengths, widths and girths, but these measures are insufficient. The foot presents an angle between the forefoot and the rearfoot in the transverse plane, which is associated with foot pronation, hallux valgus and metatarsus adductus. Here, we aimed at identifying the groups formed by the angulations between the forefoot and rearfoot using a sample of footprints from 102 Spanish women. The angle between the forefoot and rearfoot was measured according to the method described by Bunch. A cluster analysis was performed using the K-means algorithm. Footprints were grouped into three types: curved, semi-curved and straight, according to the degrees of angulation between the forefoot and rearfoot. There is great variability in the morphology of the foot. Based on our findings, to achieve a better footwear fit, we propose the manufacture of three types of lasts with different curvatures.

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Comparisons of foot anthropometry and plantar arch indices between German and Brazilian children

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Growing-up (habitually) barefoot influences the development of foot and arch morphology in children and adolescents

Growing-up (habitually) barefoot influences the development of foot and arch morphology in children and adolescents

Footprint analysis and prevalence of flatfoot: a study among the children of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

Footprint Curvature in Spanish Women: Implications for Footwear Fit

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