Comparisons of different indices of low muscle mass in relationship with cardiometabolic disorder

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the most valid index among various indices of low muscle mass in assessing cardiometabolic risks in a Korean population. Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI, kg/m2), fat mass index (FMI, kg/m2), FMI-adjusted ALMI (ALMfmi), ratio of ALM to weight index (ALMwt), ratio of ALM to body mass index (ALMbmi) and ratio of ALM to truncal fat index (ALMtrunkfat) were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in 17,870 participants from 2008 to 2011. We adopted all the aforementioned indices of low muscle mass expressed as sex- and age-specific standard deviation scores (Z-scores). Low muscle mass for age was defined as Z-score <−1. The prevalence of low muscle mass was approximately 16% across all indices. Low muscle mass defined by ALMI had low muscle mass and low fat mass, and ALMfmi had low muscle mass at the same FMI. However, low muscle mass defined by ALMwt, ALMbmi and ALMtrunkfat had similar muscle mass with high FMI. The receiver operating characteristic curve in metabolic syndrome showed that the ALMtrunkfat was 0.74 in male and 0.69 in female, indicating that ALMtrunkfat was the best discrimination index for metabolic syndrome. This study showed that ALMtrunkfat could be a useful indicator for screening cardiometabolic risk factors, particularly in normal or overweight Asian population.

Impact of Body Mass Index on Survival Depending on Sex in 14,688 Patients with Gastric Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea

“…Previous studies have shown that low muscle mass stands out in females. 46,47 Despite the same BMI, females have a lot of fat and low muscle mass mainly due to hormones and partially due to different exercise. In a previous study on the sex difference between skeletal muscle mass and prognosis in GC patients, skeletal muscle mass was an important prognostic factor in males, but not in females, 48 which is similar to our results.…”

Association of anthropometric parameters with amplitude and crosstalk of mechanomyographic signals during forearm flexion, pronation and supination torque tasks

“…These researchers found low positive correlations between the two parameters in normal subjects. The subjects considered in our study belong to second and third quartiles of BMI that cover a broad range of weight, height and length of arm of normal and healthy human beings, excluding malnutrition and obese subjects 43 . We note that the reported range of ST (6.8–14.8 mm) in our work is well within the accepted norms of the second and third quartiles of BMI 42 .…”

“…The anthropometric measures of the subjects recruited in this experiment cover broad ranges of the weight, height and LA of the global population comprising different races, as discussed by 42 . All the subjects belonged to second and third quartiles of BMI excluding malnutrition and obese subjects 43 . The study was approved by the local Medical Research & Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health, Malaysia (NMRR-14-822-22001) and adhered to the guidelines established by the Declaration of Helsinki.…”

Effects of L-Citrulline Supplementation and Aerobic Training on Vascular Function in Individuals with Obesity across the Lifespan

“…High fat and low muscle mass in individuals with obesity adversely affect cardiometabolic risk factors, promoting hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, among others [ 123 , 124 ]. Evaluating body composition, male rats that received L-Cit (1 g/kg/day) supplementation decreased fat mass and increased total body lean mass, which is mainly muscle, compared with control rats [ 117 ].…”