Comparisons of Diet and Biochemical Characteristics of stool and Urine Between Chinese Populations With Low and High Colorectal Cancer Rates

Yeung, Ka Sing; Eyssen, G. E. McKeown; Li, G. F.; Glazer, Evan S.; Hay, K. M.; Child, Peter; Gurgin, Vonnie; Zhu, Siying; Baptista, José; Aloe, Monica; Mee, D.; Jazmaji, V; Austin, Donald F.; Li, C. C.; Bruce, W. R.

doi:10.1093/jnci/83.1.46

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The HPM þ HAMSB rats excreted higher amounts of this metabolite. 3-Methylhistidine is another histidine metabolite present in the urine and it is correlated with a higher risk of CRC due to an increased level of fat and protein consumption (Yeung et al 1991). This metabolite was identified in the urine of rats on highprotein diets.…”

Section: Q4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein source and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch included in a high-protein diet determines the urinary metabolome of rats

Sattari

Nielsen

Hedemann

2018

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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Intake of red and processed meat increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), whereas dairy product consumption and the intake of dietary fibre are negatively associated with this risk. We investigated the effect of (i) low-protein diets with either whey or cooked meat (beef) as the protein source and (ii) high-protein diets with cooked meat (beef) either without or with the inclusion of 10% butyrylated high-amylose maize starch (HAMSB), on the urinary metabolome of rats. Urine samples from rats were analysed using untargeted LC-MS metabolomics. The level and source of the dietary protein affected the urinary excretion of numerous metabolites indicating that several metabolic pathways were changed. The inclusion of HAMSB in a high-protein diet caused significant alterations in the excretion of several metabolites. HAMSB reduced urinary excretion of potentially harmful metabolites resulting from a high level of meat consumption.

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Section: Q4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary protein source and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch included in a high-protein diet determines the urinary metabolome of rats

Sattari

Nielsen

Hedemann

2018

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

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“…Several lines of evidence suggest that there is an association between oxidative stress and some factors that are known or suspected to influence risk for breast cancer. Chinese women living in China have lower levels of urinary MDA excretion [ 83 ] and lower breast cancer risk than do Chinese women living the USA, and Chinese American women have lower urinary isoprostane excretion than Caucasian American women [ 84 ]. The lower risk and oxidative stress observed in Asian women may be related to their lower body weight and dietary fat intake compared with Caucasian women.…”

Section: Mutagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammographic density. Potential mechanisms of breast cancer risk associated with mammographic density: hypotheses based on epidemiological evidence

2008

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There is now extensive evidence that mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer that is associated with large relative and attributable risks for the disease. The epidemiology of mammographic density, including the influences of age, parity and menopause, is consistent with it being a marker of susceptibility to breast cancer, in a manner similar to the concept of 'breast tissue age' described by the Pike model. Mammographic density reflects variations in the tissue composition of the breast. It is associated positively with collagen and epithelial and nonepithelial cells, and negatively with fat. Mammographic density is influenced by some hormones and growth factors as well as by several hormonal interventions. It is also associated with urinary levels of a mutagen. Twin studies have shown that most of the variation in mammographic density is accounted for by genetic factors. The hypothesis that we have developed from these observations postulates that the combined effects of cell proliferation (mitogenesis) and genetic damage to proliferating cells by mutagens (mutagenesis) may underlie the increased risk for breast cancer associated with extensive mammographic density. There is clearly a need for improved understanding of the specific factors that are involved in these processes and of the role played by the several breast tissue components that contribute to density. In particular, identification of the genes that are responsible for most of the variance in percentage density (and of their biological functions) is likely to provide insights into the biology of the breast, and may identify potential targets for preventative strategies in breast cancer. IntroductionFollowing Wolfe's original studies [1,2], the proportion of the breast area in the mammogram that is occupied by radiologically dense breast tissue (mammographic density) is now recognized to be a strong risk factor for breast cancer that may account for a large fraction of the disease [3,4] (see the review by Vachon and coworkers in this series [5]). In the present paper we review what is known of the aetiology of mammographic density and outline hypotheses for its association with risk for breast cancer.We describe below the evidence that mammographic density is a marker of susceptibility to breast cancer, and we review what is known of the histology of radiologically dense breast tissue, and the influence of other risk factors for breast cancer. We describe associations of hormones, growth factors and a mutagen with mammographic density, and the evidence that mammographic density is influenced by genetic variants.We propose that cumulative exposure to mammographic density may be an important determinant of breast cancer incidence, and that the risk for breast cancer associated with mammographic density may be explained by the combined effects of mitogens, which influence cell proliferation and the size of the cell population in the breast, and mutagens, which influence the likelihood of genetic damage to those ce...

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“…The mean (SD) age, height, weight, and body mass index for the men and women were 25 9 (7 5) years, 1-79 (007) metres, 74 5 (9-1) kg, . (2 6) kg/M2 and 26-7 (5-3) years, 169 (006) metres 63-4 (7 9) kg, 22d1 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) kg/m2, respectively.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in colonic function: a randomised trial.

Lampe

Fredstrom

Slavin

et al. 1993

Gut

121

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There are sex differences in large bowel cancer rates and a variety of other gastrointestinal disorders possibly because of differences in gut biology. To Few studies have examined gender differences in colonic function under tightly controlled dietary conditions. We report here the results of a randomised trial designed to compare transit time, faecal weight, faecal pH, faecal bile acid excretion, and fibre digestibility in healthy men and women. The hypothesis tested was that premenopausal women would have slower transit times, smaller faecal mass, higher total bile acid excretion, and more alkaline pH than a group of similarly aged men consuming the same defined diets. Methods SUBJECTSSubjects were recruited from the University of Minnesota community. Healthy, non-smokers who had not used antibiotics within 6 months of the start of the study were screened for their ability to complete a rigorous schedule of defined diet ingestion and extensive biological sample collection. All subjects were healthy, had not been taking medication, and had no history of diabetes, heart disease, gastrointestinal malabsorption, or renal disease. The design of the study was approved by the Committee on Use of Human Subjects in Research at the University of Minnesota, and informed written consent was obtained from all subjects before the start of the study.Forty six subjects were initially randomised into the study, but because of commitment required, nine people dropped out during the first week on the defined diet and three more dropped out after two diet periods. Thirty four subjects (16 women, 18 men) finished all aspects of the study. All the women were premenopausal and none were using oral contraceptives. The mean (SD) age, height, weight, and body mass index for the men and women were 25 9 (7 5) years, 1-79 (007) metres, 74 5 (9-1) kg, .(2 6) kg/M2 and 26-7 (5-3) years, 169 (006) metres 63-4 (7 9) kg, 22d1 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) kg/m2, respectively. STUDY DESIGN AND SAMPLE ANALYSISBefore the start of the randomised fibre trial, baseline data were collected for 9 days while subjects ate their normal diet (self selected 531 on 12 May 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright.

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Comparisons of Diet and Biochemical Characteristics of stool and Urine Between Chinese Populations With Low and High Colorectal Cancer Rates

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Dietary protein source and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch included in a high-protein diet determines the urinary metabolome of rats

Dietary protein source and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch included in a high-protein diet determines the urinary metabolome of rats

Mammographic density. Potential mechanisms of breast cancer risk associated with mammographic density: hypotheses based on epidemiological evidence

Sex differences in colonic function: a randomised trial.

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