Dietary protein source and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch included in a high-protein diet determines the urinary metabolome of rats

Sattari, Zahra; Nielsen, Tina Skau; Hedemann, Mette Skou

doi:10.1080/09637486.2018.1499711

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Abell et al reported different fecal microbial profiles between rats receiving low- or high-amylose maize starch and HAMSB [22]. These results corresponded well with recent findings showing that the inclusion of HAMSB in a high red meat diet, changed the urinary excretion of potentially harmful metabolites derived from the gut microbiota in rats [23].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

High-Amylose Maize, Potato, and Butyrylated Starch Modulate Large Intestinal Fermentation, Microbial Composition, and Oncogenic miRNA Expression in Rats Fed A High-Protein Meat Diet

Nielsen

Bendiks

Thomsen

et al. 2019

IJMS

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High red meat intake is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), whereas dietary fibers, such as resistant starch (RS) seemed to protect against CRC. The aim of this study was to determine whether high-amylose potato starch (HAPS), high-amylose maize starch (HAMS), and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch (HAMSB)—produced by an organocatalytic route—could oppose the negative effects of a high-protein meat diet (HPM), in terms of fermentation pattern, cecal microbial composition, and colonic biomarkers of CRC. Rats were fed a HPM diet or an HPM diet where 10% of the maize starch was substituted with either HAPS, HAMS, or HAMSB, for 4 weeks. Feces, cecum digesta, and colonic tissue were obtained for biochemical, microbial, gene expression (oncogenic microRNA), and immuno-histochemical (O6-methyl-2-deoxyguanosine (O6MeG) adduct) analysis. The HAMS and HAMSB diets shifted the fecal fermentation pattern from protein towards carbohydrate metabolism. The HAMSB diet also substantially increased fecal butyrate concentration and the pool, compared with the other diets. All three RS treatments altered the cecal microbial composition in a diet specific manner. HAPS and HAMSB showed CRC preventive effects, based on the reduced colonic oncogenic miR17-92 cluster miRNA expression, but there was no significant diet-induced differences in the colonic O6MeG adduct levels. Overall, HAMSB consumption showed the most potential for limiting the negative effects of a high-meat diet.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

High-Amylose Maize, Potato, and Butyrylated Starch Modulate Large Intestinal Fermentation, Microbial Composition, and Oncogenic miRNA Expression in Rats Fed A High-Protein Meat Diet

Nielsen

Bendiks

Thomsen

et al. 2019

IJMS

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“…Whey protein has been characterized as a "fast" digestible protein enriched in leucine, which activates post-prandial protein synthesis and presents beneficial effects on the preservation of lean body mass in older people [22,23]. Urinary metabolic analyzes on Sprague Dawley rats fed a HFD with 15% protein consisting of whey or beef showed lower carnitine, tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolites and creatine/ creatinine excretion as well as higher tryptophan metabolites: so depending on the protein source, the effect on amino-acid metabolism may vary [24]. A recent meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled trials pooling 2344 individuals reviewed how supplementing whey protein for overweight and obese individuals affected their metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Whey Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein, amino acids and obesity treatment

Simonson

Boirie‌

Guillet

2020

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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Dietary proteins have been used for years to treat obesity. Body weight loss is beneficial when it concerns fat mass, but loss of fat free massespecially muscle might be detrimental. This occurs because protein breakdown predominates over synthesis, thus administering anabolic dietary compounds like proteins might counter fat free mass loss while allowing for fat mass loss. Indeed, varying the quantity of proteins will decrease muscle anabolic response and increase hyperphagia in rodents fed a low protein diet; but it will favor lean mass maintenance and promote satiety, in certain age groups of humans fed a high protein diet. Beyond protein quantity, protein source is an important metabolic regulator: whey protein and plant based diets exercize favorable effects on the risk of developing obesity, body composition, metabolic parameters or fat free mass preservation of obese patients. Specific amino-acids like branched chain amino acids (BCAA), methionine, tryptophan and its metabolites, and glutamate can also positively influence parameters and complications of obesity especially in rodent models, with less studies translating this in humans. Tuning the quality and quantity of proteins or even specific amino-acids can thus be seen as a potential therapeutic intervention on the body composition, metabolic syndrome parameters and appetite regulation of obese patients. Since these effects vary across age groups and much of the data comes from murine models, long-term prospective studies modulating proteins and amino acids in the human diet are needed.

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“…The eluent was introduced into an Ultra-High Resolution Qq-Time-Of-Flight mass spectrometer (Impact HD, Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany) by electrospray ionization in positive and negative mode using the instrumental settings previously described (Najafabadi et al, 2019).…”

Section: Metabolomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acquired mass spectra of urine samples were calibrated and peak detection was performed using the Find Molecular Features option in DataAnalysis version 4.2 (Bruker Daltonics GmbH, Bremen, Germany) as previously described (Najafabadi et al, 2019). The data were normalized according to the peak intensity of the internal standard to compensate for variability in sample processing and analytical platform operation.…”

Section: Data Processing and Metabolite Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth weight affects body protein retention but not nitrogen efficiency in the later life of pigs

Peet–Schwering

Verschuren

Hedemann

et al. 2020

Journal of Animal Science

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Exploring factors that might affect nitrogen (N) efficiency in pigs could support the development of precision feeding concepts. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effects of birth weight (BiW) on N retention, N efficiency, and concentrations of metabolites in plasma and urine related to N efficiency in male pigs of 14 wk of age. BiW of the low BiW (LBW) and high BiW (HBW) pigs was 1.11 ± 0.14 and 1.79 ± 0.12 kg, respectively. Twenty LBW and 20 HBW pigs were individually housed in metabolism cages and were subjected to an N balance study in two sequential periods of 5 d, after an 11-d adaptation period. Pigs were assigned to a protein adequate (A) or protein restricted (R, 70% of A) regime in a change-over design and fed restrictedly 2.8 times the energy requirements for maintenance. Nontargeted metabolomics analyses were performed in urine and blood plasma samples. The N retention in g/d was higher in the HBW than in the LBW pigs (P < 0.001). The N retention in g/(kg BW0.75·d) and N efficiency (= 100% × N retention / N intake), however, were not affected by BiW of the pigs. Moreover, fecal digestibility of N and urinary concentration of N and urea were not affected by BiW of the pigs. The concentration of insulin (P = 0.08) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1;P = 0.05) in blood plasma was higher in HBW pigs, whereas the concentration of α-amino N tended to be lower in HBW pigs (P = 0.06). The LBW and HBW pigs could not be discriminated based on the plasma and urinary metabolites retrieved by nontargeted metabolomics. Restricting dietary protein supply decreased N retention (P < 0.001), N efficiency (P = 0.07), fecal N digestibility (P < 0.001), urinary concentration of N and urea (P < 0.001), and concentration of urea (P < 0.001), IGF-1 (P < 0.001), and α-amino N (P < 0.001) in blood plasma. The plasma and urinary metabolites differing between dietary protein regime were mostly amino acids (AA) or their derivatives, metabolites of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and glucuronidated compounds, almost all being higher in the pigs fed the A regime. This study shows that BiW affects absolute N retention but does not affect N efficiency in growing pigs. Therefore, in precision feeding concepts, BiW of pigs should be considered as a factor determining protein deposition capacity but less as a trait determining N efficiency.

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Dietary protein source and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch included in a high-protein diet determines the urinary metabolome of rats

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

High-Amylose Maize, Potato, and Butyrylated Starch Modulate Large Intestinal Fermentation, Microbial Composition, and Oncogenic miRNA Expression in Rats Fed A High-Protein Meat Diet

High-Amylose Maize, Potato, and Butyrylated Starch Modulate Large Intestinal Fermentation, Microbial Composition, and Oncogenic miRNA Expression in Rats Fed A High-Protein Meat Diet

Protein, amino acids and obesity treatment

Birth weight affects body protein retention but not nitrogen efficiency in the later life of pigs

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