Comparisons of depression, anxiety, well-being, and perceptions of the built environment amongst adults seeking social, intermediate and market-rent accommodation in the former London Olympic Athletes’ Village

Ram, Bina; Shankar, Aparna; Nightingale, Claire M; Ellaway, Anne; Cooper, Ashley R; Cummins, Steven; Lewis, Daniel; Whincup, Peter H.; Cook, Derek G; Rudnicka, Alicja R.; Owen, Christopher G.

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.09.001

Cited by 8 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“… 28 We have also shown key differences in mental health and well-being between housing groups, where those seeking social housing were more likely to be depressed, anxious and have poorer well-being, compared with other housing groups. 29 Moreover, this is entirely consistent with earlier studies that found that both current housing tenure and aspirational housing tenure are associated with a variety of health outcomes, including mental health and measures of general health. 20 30 …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

Housing, neighbourhood and sociodemographic associations with adult levels of physical activity and adiposity: baseline findings from the ENABLE London study

et al. 2018

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ObjectivesThe neighbourhood environment is increasingly shown to be an important correlate of health. We assessed associations between housing tenure, neighbourhood perceptions, sociodemographic factors and levels of physical activity (PA) and adiposity among adults seeking housing in East Village (formerly London 2012 Olympic/Paralympic Games Athletes’ Village).SettingCross-sectional analysis of adults seeking social, intermediate and market-rent housing in East Village.Participants1278 participants took part in the study (58% female). Complete data on adiposity (body mass index (BMI) and fat mass %) were available for 1240 participants (97%); of these, a subset of 1107 participants (89%) met the inclusion criteria for analyses of accelerometer-based measurements of PA. We examined associations between housing sector sought, neighbourhood perceptions (covariates) and PA and adiposity (dependent variables) adjusted for household clustering, sex, age group, ethnic group and limiting long-standing illness.ResultsParticipants seeking social housing had the fewest daily steps (8304, 95% CI 7959 to 8648) and highest BMI (26.0 kg/m2, 95% CI 25.5kg/m2 to 26.5 kg/m2) compared with those seeking intermediate (daily steps 9417, 95% CI 9106 to 9731; BMI 24.8 kg/m2, 95% CI 24.4 kg/m2 to 25.2 kg/m2) or market-rent housing (daily steps 9313, 95% CI 8858 to 9768; BMI 24.6 kg/m2, 95% CI 24.0 kg/m2 to 25.2 kg/m2). Those seeking social housing had lower levels of PA (by 19%–42%) at weekends versus weekdays, compared with other housing groups. Positive perceptions of neighbourhood quality were associated with higher steps and lower BMI, with differences between social and intermediate groups reduced by ~10% following adjustment, equivalent to a reduction of 111 for steps and 0.5 kg/m2 for BMI.ConclusionsThe social housing group undertook less PA than other housing sectors, with weekend PA offering the greatest scope for increasing PA and tackling adiposity in this group. Perceptions of neighbourhood quality were associated with PA and adiposity and reduced differences in steps and BMI between housing sectors. Interventions to encourage PA at weekends and improve neighbourhood quality, especially among the most disadvantaged, may provide scope to reduce inequalities in health behaviour.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

Housing, neighbourhood and sociodemographic associations with adult levels of physical activity and adiposity: baseline findings from the ENABLE London study

et al. 2018

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“…Fourteen items assessed the perceptions of the neighbourhood environment at baseline and were repeated at follow-up. 21 Items were taken from several validated questionnaires including Health Survey for England, How Areas in Brisbane Influence health and ActiviTy (HABITAT), Neighbourhood Environment Walkability Scale (NEWS) and RESIDential Environment (RESIDE) study. Full details have been provided elsewhere.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Full details have been provided elsewhere. 21 Each item was rated on a 5-point Likert Scale from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’. Exploratory factor analysis at baseline derived two neighbourhood perception scales 21 : five items assessed neighbourhood ‘safety’ and six items assessed neighbourhood ‘quality’.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Each item was rated on a 5-point Likert Scale from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’. Exploratory factor analysis at baseline derived two neighbourhood perception scales 21 : five items assessed neighbourhood ‘safety’ and six items assessed neighbourhood ‘quality’. Internal reliability for each of the scales was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha; both scales showed good internal reliability (‘safety’ 0.87 and ‘quality’ 0.78).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the effect of change in the built environment on mental health and subjective well-being: a natural experiment

Ram

Limb

Shankar

et al. 2020

J Epidemiol Community Health

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BackgroundNeighbourhood characteristics may affect mental health and well-being, but longitudinal evidence is limited. We examined the effect of relocating to East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic Athletes’ Village), repurposed to encourage healthy active living, on mental health and well-being.Methods1278 adults seeking different housing tenures in East village were recruited and examined during 2013–2015. 877 (69%) were followed-up after 2 years; 50% had moved to East Village. Analysis examined change in objective measures of the built environment, neighbourhood perceptions (scored from low to high; quality −12 to 12, safety −10 to 10 units), self-reported mental health (depression and anxiety) and well-being (life satisfaction, life being worthwhile and happiness) among East Village participants compared with controls who did not move to East Village. Follow-up measures were regressed on baseline for each outcome with group status as a binary variable, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, housing tenure and household clustering (random effect).ResultsParticipants who moved to East Village lived closer to their nearest park (528 m, 95% CI 482 to 575 m), in more walkable areas, and had better access to public transport, compared with controls. Living in East Village was associated with marked improvements in neighbourhood perceptions (quality 5.0, 95% CI 4.5 to 5.4 units; safety 3.4, 95% CI 2.9 to 3.9 units), but there was no overall effect on mental health and well-being outcomes.ConclusionDespite large improvements in the built environment, there was no evidence that moving to East Village improved mental health and well-being. Changes in the built environment alone are insufficient to improve mental health and well-being.

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“…[35] An additional 'economically inactive' category included those seeking employment, unable to work due to disability or illness, retired, looking after home and family, and students [36]. Two neighbourhood perception scores, measuring crime (i.e., vandalism, feeling unsafe to walk in neighbourhood, presence of threatening groups) and neighbourhood quality (i.e., accessible features, attractiveness, and enjoyment of living in neighbourhood), were derived at baseline using exploratory factor analysis on 14 neighbourhood perception items in the questionnaire [37,38], and the same items were used to obtain scores at follow-up.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment)

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Procter

Cooper

et al. 2020

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background: Interventions to encourage active modes of travel (walking, cycling) may improve physical activity levels, but longitudinal evidence is limited and major change in the built environment / travel infrastructure may be needed. East Village (the former London 2012 Olympic Games Athletes Village) has been repurposed on active design principles with improved walkability, open space and public transport and restrictions on residential car parking. We examined the effect of moving to East Village on adult travel patterns. Methods: One thousand two hundred seventy-eight adults (16+ years) seeking to move into social, intermediate, and market-rent East Village accommodation were recruited in 2013-2015, and followed up after 2 years. Individual objective measures of physical activity using accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) and geographic location using GPS travel recorders (QStarz) were time-matched and a validated algorithm assigned four travel modes (walking, cycling, motorised vehicle, train). We examined change in time spent in different travel modes, using multilevel linear regresssion models adjusting for sex, age group, ethnicity, housing group (fixed effects) and household (random effect), comparing those who had moved to East Village at follow-up with those who did not. Results: Of 877 adults (69%) followed-up, 578 (66%) provided valid accelerometry and GPS data for at least 1 day (≥540 min) at both time points; half had moved to East Village. Despite no overall effects on physical activity levels, sizeable improvements in walkability and access to public transport in East Village resulted in decreased daily vehicle travel (8.3 mins, 95%CI 2.5,14.0), particularly in the intermediate housing group (9.6 mins, 95%CI 2.2,16.9), and increased underground travel (3.9 mins, 95%CI 1.2,6.5), more so in the market-rent group (11.5 mins, 95%CI 4.4, 18.6). However, there were no effects on time spent walking or cycling. Conclusion: Designing walkable neighbourhoods near high quality public transport and restrictions on car usage, may offer a community-wide strategy shift to sustainable transport modes by increasing public transport use, and reducing motor vehicle travel.

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Comparisons of depression, anxiety, well-being, and perceptions of the built environment amongst adults seeking social, intermediate and market-rent accommodation in the former London Olympic Athletes’ Village

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Housing, neighbourhood and sociodemographic associations with adult levels of physical activity and adiposity: baseline findings from the ENABLE London study

Housing, neighbourhood and sociodemographic associations with adult levels of physical activity and adiposity: baseline findings from the ENABLE London study

Evaluating the effect of change in the built environment on mental health and subjective well-being: a natural experiment

The effect of moving to East Village, the former London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games Athletes' Village, on mode of travel (ENABLE London study, a natural experiment)

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