Comparisons of Chemical and Biological Studies of Essential Oils of Stem, Leaves and Seeds of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb growing wild in the State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Abstract

The fresh plant material of stem, leaves and seeds of Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb (Rutaceae) collected at high altitude of District Kotli, the State of Azad Jammu & Kashmir and subjected to Clevenger type hydro distillation for the extraction of essential oils. The essential oils were characterized by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Twenty five components have been identified from the stem yielded about 95.8% of the total essential oils, the major constituents were Terpinen-4-ol (30.47%), β-Terpenene (16.16%), eighteen components identified from the leaves which yields about 89.08% of the oil, Tridecanone (25%), Isohexane (21.4%), Eucalyptol (8.5%) and Linalool (7.21%) were the major constituents. From the seeds of Z. alatum twenty components have been identified which yielded about 98.5 % of the oil; major components were Linalool (45%), Isohexnae (38%), Methyl-10-octadecanoate (6.25%). The essential oils show significant antioxidant, antimicrobial activities. The essential oils of Z. alatum are expected to be used as traditional herbal system of medicine.

Phytobioactive compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases: A review

“…Contrary to this, simple phenols (e.g., catechol, hydroquinone, eugenol, p‐anisaldehyde, and phloroglucinol), the C6‐C3 phenylpropanoids, and their derivatives (myristicin, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and sinapyl alcohol), the C6‐C1 benzoic acids (vanillic acid gallic acid and protocatechuic acid), coumarins (dicoumarol, scopoletin, and warfarin), hydrozable tannis (ellagitannins and gallotannins), lignans, and related compounds all belong to nonflavonoid phenolic compounds (Irshad et al, 2018 ). Phenolic compounds such as flavonoids are present in all plant parts and have remarkable biological activities due to their redox potential (Khan et al, 2012 ).…”

“…showed anti‐inflammatory properties, both in vitro and in vivo analyses (Tanweer et al, 2018 ). Terpenes have enzyme inhibition activities as they have potential to inhibit lipoxygenase and proteinase, principal enzymes of inflammatory pathways (Irshad et al, 2018 ). Terpenes inhibit oxidative stress by inhibiting the catalytic activity of enzymes involved in reactive oxygen species generation and by forming metal‐ion chelates.…”

Journal of Plant Protection Research

“…They can be safely used in food preservation and in several medicinal applications. Their fragrance can decrease depression, and improve moods (Irshad et al 2018;Yener 2020). Phytotoxic oils and their compounds, monoterpenes, depend on chemical their composition, and concentrations interfere with electron flow in respiration.…”