Comparison performance of coagulation flocculation process and combination with ozonation process of stabilized landfill leachate treatment

Abstract

Landfill leachate is well known as a hazardous byproduct from dumpling sites that has a negative impact on the environment and human life. Therefore, an effective treatment is imperative to overcome this issue. This research study investigates the effectiveness of zirconium tetrachloride (ZrCl4) and tin tetrachloride (SnCl4) as a coagulant in leachate treatment. Two parameters selected as a performance indicator in this study are color and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The data obtained showed that SnCl4 performed well as a coagulant with removal percentages of color and COD, which are 97% and 77%, respectively. Furthermore, the potential of integrated treatment using ozonation (O3) and the coagulation‐flocculation process was also investigated. Four sequences of integrated treatment setup for this study were ozonation followed by jar test (ZrCl4 as a coagulant), ozonation followed by jar test (SnCl4 as a coagulant), jar test (ZrCl4 as a coagulant) followed by the ozonation process, and jar test (SnCl4 as a coagulant) followed by the ozonation process. The experimental data showed that the combination treatment of SnCl4 as a coagulant (jar test) followed by the ozonation process had recorded the highest removal of color (97.1%) and COD (88%) compared to other sequences. Moreover, the biodegradability ratio of this sequence also improved from 0.03 to 0.28, compared with other methods. Comparatively, integrated treatment is more effective in treating stabilized landfill leachate compared to the coagulation flocculation process alone. Practitioner Points Stabilized landfill leachate is difficult to be treated by natural coagulants or biological process. SnCl4 performed well as a coagulant in removing COD and colour from landfill leachate compared to ZrCl4. However, too much usage of SnCl4 potentially generate secondary pollutant. Therefore, combination with O3 as pre‐treatment is investigated. Combination treatment of SnCl4 ( as coagulant) with O3 had recorded the highest removal of colour (97.1%) and COD (88%). The biodegradability ratio of this sequence also improved from 0.03 to 0.28.

The Role of Conventional Methods and Artificial Intelligence in the Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

“…Coagulation is the act of introducing a coagulant to destabilize a stabilized charged particle [65]. In contrast, flocculation is a mixing technique that promotes agglomeration and aids in particle settling through mixing duration and intensity management.…”

Leachate treatment via electrocoagulation–coal‐based powdered activated carbon process: Efficiencies, mechanisms, kinetics, and costs

“…Li et al, 2017;Ogedey & Oguz, 2024), electrochemical oxidation (Tang et al, 2022;Vocciante et al, 2021;, fenton processes (Crispim et al, 2022;Feng et al, 2022;X. Li et al, 2018), advanced oxidation processes (Kanmani & Dileepan, 2023, Shuo Li et al, 2022, Y. Liu et al, 2022, dissolved air flotation (Adlan et al, 2011), and coagulation/flocculation (Lessoued et al, 2017;Reddy et al, 2022;Zakaria et al, 2022).…”

“…In order to treat landfill leachate, a number of traditional chemical and physical processes have been suggested, such as adsorption with different adsorbent (Detho et al, 2021; Elgarahy et al, 2023; Kumara & Dayanthi, 2023; J. Liu et al, 2024; Salama et al, 2022), ion exchange with various resins (Aziz et al, 2020; Bashir et al, 2010; Scandelai et al, 2020), reverse osmosis (Bouchareb et al, 2022; Folino et al, 2024; García‐Pacheco et al, 2022), electrocoagulation (Guo et al, 2022; Hamid et al, 2021; R. Li et al, 2017; Ogedey & Oguz, 2024), electrochemical oxidation (Tang et al, 2022; Vocciante et al, 2021; Zhao & Zhao, 2021), fenton processes (Crispim et al, 2022; Feng et al, 2022; X. Li et al, 2018), advanced oxidation processes (Kanmani & Dileepan, 2023, Shuo Li et al, 2022, Y. Liu et al, 2022), dissolved air flotation (Adlan et al, 2011), and coagulation/flocculation (Lessoued et al, 2017; Reddy et al, 2022; Zakaria et al, 2022).…”

Effect of the association of coagulation/flocculation, hydrodynamic cavitation, ozonation and activated carbon in landfill leachate treatment system

“…Among the examples that presented greater treatment efficiencies are coagulation/flocculation, chemical oxidation, adsorption by activated carbon, advanced oxidative processes and processes that involve membrane filtration 4 , 10 . However, the isolated application of these techniques has proved to be unsatisfactory for the efficient treatment of landfill leachate, requiring a synergistic combination of these processes 11 – 13 .…”

“…Gautam et al (2019) achieved in their studies the removal of 85% in COD when combining ozone with hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and persulfate 10 . Other studies using the combination of physicochemical, biological, and oxidative processes for the treatment of landfill leachate are observed in the literature, where the less expressive results are directly related to the treatment of stabilized landfill leachates 11 , 13 .…”