Comparison of various sol–gel derived metal oxide layers for inverted organic solar cells

Surface passivation effect by fluorine plasma treatment on ZnO for efficiency and lifetime improvement of inverted polymer solar cells

“…Through doping with group-II or group-III elements, an increase in the electrical conductivity of ZnO and, consequently, in the photovoltaic performance of PSCs with an inverted structure has been observed. [48][49][50][51][52] Besides the metal and also nitrogen doping which has also been reported to tune the properties of the zinc oxide surface, 53 our group and others recently introduced the beneficial surface modification of ZnO by using a hydrogen (H) plasma treatment for efficient inverted PSCs. 54,55 Plasma surface treatment is a process that alters the surface energy of many materials so as to improve the bonding characteristics.…”

Improved Performance and Reliability of p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells via Doped Metal Oxides

“…[ 28,29 ] In most of the cases metal oxides, which are commonly used in optoelectronic devices, suffer from limited electrical conductivity and thus only very thin layers can be used. [ 30 ] The limited electrical conductivity of the layers prohibits the vertical charge transport in thicknesses larger than ≈50 nm. [ 31 ] One way to overcome the above limitations is using doped metal oxides.…”

Controlling the Electronic Interface Properties in Polymer–Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

“…The most widespread solution processed materials for n-type contacts in OPV are metal oxides like titanium oxide (TiO X ) [46][47][48][49][50] and zinc oxide (ZnO) [48,[51][52][53][54][55][56]. The most common issues with these intrinsic oxides are s-shapes in the j-V characteristics due to the poor conductivity, especially when the films are thick and not illuminated with UV light.…”

“…The most common issues with these intrinsic oxides are s-shapes in the j-V characteristics due to the poor conductivity, especially when the films are thick and not illuminated with UV light. First examples of organic solar cells employing doped metal oxides as charge transport layer were reported in literature [48,57,58].…”