Comparison of urinary iodine levels in women of childbearing age during and after pregnancy

Castilla, Ane Miren; Murcia, Mario; Arrizabalaga, Juan José; Espada, Mercedes; Júlvez, Jordi; Basterrechea, Mikel; Álvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Estarlich, Marisa; Moreno, Elena Álvarez; Guxens, Mònica; Vioque, Jesús; Rebagliato, Marisa

doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1465-4

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…A Spanish study reported that the median UIC of lactating women was 142 µg/L from [19]. The median UIC of 380 lactating women in Shanghai in 2012, China, was 131.1 µg/L and 36.8% of the participants and had iodine de ciency of < 100 µg/L with a cross-sectional survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to the 24-hour meal review and dietary record evaluation, the current nutritional iodine intake of lactating women in Shanghai is insu cient. In 2017, a Spanish study found that the median nutritional iodine intake of lactating women was 125 µg/day (IQR 104, 154) [19]. Chinese residents' iodized salt consumption rate has continued to decline, and the iodized salt coverage rate in Shanghai has decreased to 16.91% from 2010 to 2015 [10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Iodine Status of Lactating Women and Infants in Shanghai, China

Yan

Bao

Tian

et al. 2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

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There is a risk of iodine de ciency in pregnant women in China. However, currently, little research is available on the iodine status of lactating women and infants. This study aimed to evaluate the iodine status of lactating women and their infants and explore the relationship between breast milk iodine concentration (BMIC) and urinary iodine concentration (UIC). 257 lactating women and their infants were recruited from the Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East campus between May 2018 and May 2019. BMIC and UIC were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). One-day 24hour dietary recall was used to determine the dietary intake of iodine. The mean dietary intake of iodine of the lactating women was 145.1 µg/day. The dietary iodine intake of 97.83% (n=225) of lactating women was lower than 240 µg/day. The median BMIC and UIC of the lactating women and UIC of the infants were 150.7 µg/L (Interquartile Range, IQR 102.9, 205.5), 110.0 µg/L (IQR 65.8, 171.4) and 212.7 µg/L (IQR 142.1, 320.6), respectively. The BMIC of lactating women who ate iodized salt was signi cantly higher than that without iodized salt (p = 0.015). The infants' UIC values were signi cantly correlated with the BMIC values (r = 0.597 ** , p < 0.001). The iodine nutritional status of lactating women and infants in Shanghai was generally su cient according to the WHO's iodine nutritional status. The use of iodized salt was related to increasing dietary iodine intake and BMIC. The improvement of BMIC has a positive effect on the iodine nutrition level of infants. Compared with the level of urinary iodine of mothers, BMIC was a more sensitive and stable index to evaluate the iodine nutritional status of infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Iodine Status of Lactating Women and Infants in Shanghai, China

Yan

Bao

Tian

et al. 2023

Biol Trace Elem Res

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“…A previous study compared UIC in women during and after pregnancy and found that in an iodine sufficient area, iodine excretion was lower during than after pregnancy. However, the current standard during pregnancy recommended by WHO/ UNICEF/ICCIDD is based on non-pregnant populations: this might lead to overestimation of iodine deficiency during gestation, so the lower limit may be too high (24) . Monitoring by the Shanghai CDC showed that the median UIC in children aged 8-10 years was >100 μg/l after the implementation of the USI policy, indicating that children aged 8-10 years have sufficient iodine intake (12) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of household cooking salt and eating out on iodine status of pregnant women in environmental iodine-deficient coastal areas of China

et al. 2020

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As city residents eat out more frequently, it is unknown that if iodised salt is still required in home cooking. We analysed the relationship of household salt and eating out on urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in pregnant women. A household condiment weighing method was implemented to collect salt data for a week. A household salt sample was collected. A urine sample was taken at the end of the week. Totally, 4640 participants were investigated. The median UIC was 139·1 μg/l in pregnant women and 148·7, 140·0 and 122·9 μg/l in the first, second and third trimesters. Median UIC in the third trimester was lower than in the other trimesters (P < 0·001). The usage rates of iodised (an iodine content ≥ 5·0 mg/kg) and qualified-iodised (an iodine content ≥ 21·0 mg/kg) salt were 73·9 and 59·3 %. The median UIC in the qualified-iodised salt group was higher than in the non-iodised group (P = 0·037). The median UIC in the non-iodised group who did not eat out was lower than in qualified-salt groups who both did and did not eat out (P = 0·007, <0·001). The proportion of qualified-iodised salt used in home cooking is low, but foods eaten out have universal salt iodisation according to the national compulsory policy. Household iodised salt did not play a decisive role in the iodine status of pregnant women. Pregnant women in their third trimester who are not eating out and using non-iodised salt at home require extra iodine.

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“…Also, despite some countries being iodine sufficient in the general population, many pregnant women in those countries are still iodine deficient. 7 , 97 A subset of the INMA study showed that iodine intake during pregnancy was significantly higher than 4 years after birth, 73 which was related to a decrease in dairy-product intake after pregnancy 73 and suggests that intakes from adult studies are not a good proxy for iodine intake during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of iodine intake in children, adults, and pregnant women in Europe—comparison against dietary recommendations and evaluation of dietary iodine sources

et al. 2022

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Context Adequate iodine intake is essential throughout life. Key dietary sources are iodized salt and animal products, but dietary patterns in Europe are changing, for example toward lower salt intake and a more plant-based diet. Objective To review iodine intake (not status) in European populations (adults, children, and pregnant women) to identify at-risk groups and dietary sources. Data sources PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, as well as European national nutrition surveys were searched for data on had iodine intake (from dietary assessment) and sources of iodine, collected after 2006. Data selection In total, 57 studies were included, comprising 22 national surveys and 35 sub-national studies. Iodine intake data were available from national surveys of children aged <10 years (n = 11), 11–17 years (n = 12), and adults (n = 15), but data from pregnancy were only available from sub-national studies. Results Iodine intake data are lacking—only 17 of 45 (38%) European countries had iodine-intake data from national surveys. Iodine intake reported from national surveys was below recommendations for: (1) children aged <10 years in 2 surveys (18%), (2) boys and girls aged 11–17 years in 6 (50%) and 8 (68%) surveys, respectively, and (3) adult men and women in 7 (47%) and 12 (80%) surveys, respectively. In pregnant women, intake was below recommendations except where women were taking iodine-containing supplements. Just 32% of national surveys (n = 7) included iodized salt when estimating iodine intake. Milk, dairy products, fish, and eggs were important contributors to intake in many countries, suggesting limited sources in plant-based diets. Conclusion Results are limited by the challenges of dietary assessment for measuring iodine intake. Future national surveys should include iodine intake. Policy makers should consider dietary sources alongside any iodized salt policies when considering methods for improving population iodine intake. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017075422.

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Comparison of urinary iodine levels in women of childbearing age during and after pregnancy

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Assessment of the Iodine Status of Lactating Women and Infants in Shanghai, China

Assessment of the Iodine Status of Lactating Women and Infants in Shanghai, China

Relationship of household cooking salt and eating out on iodine status of pregnant women in environmental iodine-deficient coastal areas of China

A systematic review of iodine intake in children, adults, and pregnant women in Europe—comparison against dietary recommendations and evaluation of dietary iodine sources

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