Assessment of the Iodine Status of Lactating Women and Infants in Shanghai, China

Yan, Wenqing; Bao, Chunling; Tian, Wen; Sun, Wenguang

doi:10.1007/s12011-023-03612-4

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We found that children, lactating women, and weaning women all had a sufficient iodine status according to the WHO criteria, with median (p25-p75) UICs of 152.1 µg/L (75.8-268.3 µg/L), 121.3 µg/L (68.1-206.4 g/L), and 123.4 (58.4-227.2 g/L), respectively. Similar results were also reported in a smallscale study conducted in Shanghai among 257 lactating women and their infants between May 2018 and May 2019 [21]. The median (p25-p75) UIC of lactating women in that study was 110.0 µg/L (65.8-171.4 µg/L), while the median (p25-p75) UIC of infants was 212.7 µg/L (142.1-320.6 µg/L), both indicating iodine sufficiency [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Similar results were also reported in a smallscale study conducted in Shanghai among 257 lactating women and their infants between May 2018 and May 2019 [21]. The median (p25-p75) UIC of lactating women in that study was 110.0 µg/L (65.8-171.4 µg/L), while the median (p25-p75) UIC of infants was 212.7 µg/L (142.1-320.6 µg/L), both indicating iodine sufficiency [21]. A Norwegian study involving toddlers aged 18 months found a median (p25-p75) UIC of 129 µg/L (81-190 µg/L) [30], which is consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Furthermore, previous studies have shown that pregnant women in Shanghai have mild ID [ 20 ]. In 2018, a study including 257 lactating women and their infants at 42 days postpartum showed that the iodine status of lactating women and infants in Shanghai was generally sufficient according to the WHO’s iodine nutritional status recommendation [ 21 ]. Whether infants are also iodine sufficient when they grow up to two years old is worth further investigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodine Status of Infants and Toddlers under 2 Years of Age and Its Association with Feeding Behaviors and Maternal Iodine Status in Shanghai: A Quantile Regression Analysis

Zhou,

Si,

Han

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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It is crucial to provide adequate iodine nutrition to infants and toddlers for proper thyroid function and subsequent brain development. Infants are particularly vulnerable to iodine deficiency during the transition from a milk-based diet (breast milk and/or infant formula) to solid food. This study examines the current iodine levels of children during their first two years of life and investigates the association between these levels and feeding behaviors and the iodine status of their mothers in Shanghai, a city located in eastern China. A hospital-based cohort study was conducted to enroll mother–child pairs, where the child is aged 6–23 months, who visited community health service centers in the 16 districts of Shanghai, China. Data on socio-demographic factors and feeding behavior data were collected from the participants. The urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in both the young children and their mothers were analyzed. A total of 2282 mother–child pairs were included in this analysis. The median (p25–p75) UIC for lactating women, weaning women, and children were 121.3 μg/L (68.1–206.4 μg/L), 123.4 μg/L (58.4–227.2 μg/L), and 152.1 μg/L (75.8–268.3 μg/L), respectively. The UIC in children was found to be higher than that in their mothers (p < 0.001). Children who consumed less than 500 mL per day of formula milk in the last week had lower UICs compared with those who consumed 500 mL per day or more (p = 0.026). Furthermore, the children’s UIC was positively correlated with the maternal UIC (rs = 0.285, p < 0.001). Multiple quantile regression analysis revealed a statistically significant positive association between maternal UIC and children’s UIC between the 0.1 and 0.9 quantiles (all p < 0.001). We found that the iodine status of infants and toddlers, as well as of mothers, was sufficient. However, a large minority of children and mothers may be at risk of iodine deficiency. Furthermore, no associations between children’s UIC and feeding behaviors were observed. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the UIC of young children and their mothers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodine Status of Infants and Toddlers under 2 Years of Age and Its Association with Feeding Behaviors and Maternal Iodine Status in Shanghai: A Quantile Regression Analysis

Zhou,

Si,

Han

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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show abstract

“…Our result was in line with previous data derived from a larger sample size of 2400 pregnant women in Shanghai, which showed that the proportion of iodine deficiency was 48% ( 11 ). Apparently, the phenomenon of iodine deficiency was widespread among pregnant women in Shanghai and most of them were in a situation of mild iodine deficiency ( 12 ). Pregnant women were vulnerable to iodine deficiency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary iodine concentration and its associations with thyroid function in pregnant women of Shanghai

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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ObjectiveTo assess the iodine status and its associations with thyroid function in pregnant women of Shanghai.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, a total of 562 pregnant women were enrolled from January to December 2021. Both serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAB), thyroglobulin antibody (TGAB), and urinary iodine concentration (UIC) were detected. Participants were divided into four groups based on their UIC values. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the association between UIC and thyroid function-associated parameters.ResultsThe median UIC of the pregnant women studied was 158.25µg/L (interquartile range [IQR] 90.15, 245.65µg/L). Among all the subjects, 45.55% had iodine deficiency according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and 15.65% had thyroid autoimmunity. FT3, FT4, TSH, TPOAB and TGAB levels were not different among different UIC groups (P > 0.05). UIC and TSH were negatively correlated (r=-0.127, p=0.043) in UIC<150 µg/L group. In the group with UIC 250- 499 µg/L, UIC was positively correlated with total T4 (TT4), total T3 (TT3) and TPOAB (r= 0.228, p=0.022, r=0.208, p= 0.039, r=0.190, p=0.042, respectively). A negative correlation between UIC and TPOAB values was observed in TPOAB-positive (+) pregnant women (r=-0.384, p=0.012). The prevalence of isolated hypothyroxinemia in UIC<150 µg/L group was significantly higher than that of other groups(p=0.033). The relationship between the prevalence of thyroid diseases and UIC embodied a U-shaped curve.ConclusionPregnant women on Chongming Island of Shanghai were iodine sufficient during the second trimester, but iodine deficiency was still prevalent. Both low and high gestational iodine status was related to thyroid function and autoimmunity. Optimal iodine nutrition status during gestation was important.

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Assessment of the Iodine Status of Lactating Women and Infants in Shanghai, China

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Iodine Status of Infants and Toddlers under 2 Years of Age and Its Association with Feeding Behaviors and Maternal Iodine Status in Shanghai: A Quantile Regression Analysis

Iodine Status of Infants and Toddlers under 2 Years of Age and Its Association with Feeding Behaviors and Maternal Iodine Status in Shanghai: A Quantile Regression Analysis

Urinary iodine concentration and its associations with thyroid function in pregnant women of Shanghai

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