Comparison of Type of Rubber in PLA/Rubber/Kenaf Biocomposite: Rheological, Mechanical and Morphological Properties

Alias, Nur Fazreen; Ismail, Hanafi; Ishak, Ku Marsilla Ku

doi:10.1002/masy.201900128

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The processability characteristics of the developing compounds, compared to the neat matrix, were evaluated through torque measurements by representing the melt hindrance to the material in terms of deformation during the blending operations and/or the force required for the rotation (Alias 2020) [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Bio-Based PLA Compounds

Patti

Acierno²,

Latteri

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Cellulose/PLA-based blends (up to 77 vol./vol.% of the added fibers) for applications in extrusion-based technology were realized in an internal mixer by setting different operating conditions. In particular, both the mixing time and temperature were increased in order to simulate a recycling operation (10 or 25 min, 170 or 190 °C) and gain information on the potential reuse of the developed systems. The torque measurements during the compound’s preparation, and the compound’s mechanical tensile features, both in the static and dynamic mode, were evaluated for each investigated composition. The final results confirmed a reduction of the torque trend over time for the PLA matrix, which was attributed to a possible degradation mechanism, and confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical behaviour of the pristine polymer changed from elastoplastic to brittle, with a significant loss in ductility going from the lower mixing temperatures up to the higher ones for the longest time. Through the addition of cellulose fibers into the composite systems, a higher stabilization of the torque in the time and an improvement in the mechanical performance were always verified compared to the neat PLA, with a maximum increase in the Young modulus (+100%) and the tensile strength (+57%), and a partial recovery of the ductility.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Bio-Based PLA Compounds

Patti

Acierno²,

Latteri

et al. 2020

Polymers

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“…These properties significantly limit the application of PLA in the polymer packaging manufacture. This flaw in the mechanical properties is eliminated by combining the PLA with other polymers [ 4 ] and elastomers [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], primarily natural rubber (NR), which is a natural biopolymer [ 9 ]. The PLA-NR based composites have been extensively studied; however, all the tests have pointed out the problem of insufficient compatibility among these polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Features and Properties’ Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Blends with Epoxidized Soybean Oil

et al. 2021

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Because of the effort to preserve petroleum resources and promote the development of eco-friendly materials, bio-based polymers produced from sustainable resources have attracted great attention. Among them, polylactide (PLA) and natural rubber (NR) present prominent polymers with unique barrier and mechanical features. A series of samples with improved phase compatibility were obtained by blending PLA and NR using a double-rotor mixer. A plasticizing and enhancing effect on the polymers’ compatibility was achieved by using epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) as a natural plasticizer and compatibilizer. ESO compounding in the PLA-NR blends increased the mobility of the biopolymer’s molecular chains and improved the thermal stability of the novel material. The size of the NR domains embedded in the continuous PLA matrix decreased with the ESO content increment. The combination of thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy enabled the authors to determine the features of potential packaging material and the optimal content of PLA-NR-ESO for the best mechanical properties.

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“…The reduction in viscosity facilitates the processability of elastomeric compounds and also reduces the product cost. 38 For the torque variation values (ΔM), the blends with biochar showed higher values than the blend without loading and similar values between the blends with biochar, indicating that the density of the crosslinks is similar between the blends and independent of the setting time. Compared to the blend with carbon black, the values were lower.…”

Section: X-ray Diffraction Analysis Of Biochar Samplesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of residence time in the reactor on the reinforcement of biochar in rubber compounds

Ribeiro,

Godinho,

Brandalise

2023

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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In the present work, the effect of residence time on the production of biochar by the pyrolysis process of Pinus spp. was investigated. Biochar was produced at three different residence times in the reactor (30, 60, and 240 min). The effect of residence time on the load in the pyrolysis process was evaluated based on the rheometric, physical and mechanical properties of the elastomeric compounds. The shortest residence time, 30 min, produced a biochar with a graphitic structure (turbostratic) that was ideal for the interaction between load and elastomer and caused the least possible disturbance to the crystallization process by stretching the natural rubber, which was observed from the tensile strength, while maintaining the mechanical properties. As the residence time increased, it was observed that the more crystalline structure interfered with the crystallization process of the natural rubber when stretched, causing a decrease in tensile strength and decreasing the interaction between the load- elastomer, thus increasing the vulcanization time of the rubber. The compound was prepared using the filler with the longest residence time (NR/BIO240min).

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Comparison of Type of Rubber in PLA/Rubber/Kenaf Biocomposite: Rheological, Mechanical and Morphological Properties

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Bio-Based PLA Compounds

Influence of the Processing Conditions on the Mechanical Performance of Sustainable Bio-Based PLA Compounds

Structural Features and Properties’ Characterization of Polylactic Acid/Natural Rubber Blends with Epoxidized Soybean Oil

Effect of residence time in the reactor on the reinforcement of biochar in rubber compounds

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