Comparison of Tissue Distribution, Persistence, and Molecular Epidemiology of Parvovirus B19 and Novel Human Parvoviruses PARV4 and Human Bocavirus

Abstract

Tight immune control of replication of B19 and PARV4 was retained despite profound immunosuppression. Recent genotype replacement of PARV4, combined with absent sequence diversity among genotype 1 sequences, suggests a recent, epidemic spread in the United Kingdom, potentially through transmission routes shared by HIV.

The effects of co-infection with human parvovirus B19 and Plasmodium falciparum on type and degree of anaemia in Ghanaian children

“…In the absence of B19 IgG and IgM data in this study and in view of the current consensus that the duration of B19V viraemia is much longer than expected [73][74][75][76][77] . A box plot was generated to determine the distribution of B19V infection (Figure 3).…”

Human parvoviruses B19, PARV4 and bocavirus in pediatric patients with allogeneic hematopoietic SCT

“…6,[34][35][36] The viral DNA has been shown to persist in lymphoid and some other tissues. [37][38][39][40][41] The virus is most frequently detected in persons with a history of i.v. drug use or as co-infections with other parenterally transmitted viruses, such as HIV or hepatitis C and B.…”

“…drug use or as co-infections with other parenterally transmitted viruses, such as HIV or hepatitis C and B. 37,[42][43][44][45] Viremia seems to accompany acute PARV4 infection, and the viral DNA has been demonstrated also in blood products, indicating a risk for parenteral transmission. 34,39,[42][43] The seroprevalence in Northern Europe reaches 78% among HIV-positive i.v.…”

Human Parvovirus 4 in Kidney Transplant Patients, France

“…PARV4 was also identifi ed in clotting factor VIII concentrate and in plasma pools negative for parvovirus B19 DNA (5,6). This new virus appears to not be restricted solely to blood samples; it has been already identifi ed in bone marrow, in various autopsy tissue samples from patients with AIDS, and in liver tissues of persons with liver dysfunctions (7)(8)(9). Typical amounts of PARV4 DNA identifi ed in the various samples tested ranged from <500 to >10 6 copies/mL.…”