Comparison of three techniques for paravertebral brachial plexus blockade in dogs

Abstract

Objective To compare success and complication rates, based on staining of nerves and other structures, among three techniques of paravertebral brachial plexus blockade (PBPB) in dogs. Study design Prospective randomized design.Animals A total of 68 thoracic limbs from 34 dogs. Methods ResultsThe median (range) number of nerves stained was 2 (0-4) with BL, 1 (0-3) with NS and 1 (0-4) with US guided technique. No significant differences in staining of C6, C8 and T1 or other structures were found among techniques. Nerve C7 was more likely to be stained by BL (p=0.05). Time to perform the blocks was significantly different among techniques, with mean ± SD duration in minutes of 3.6 ± 1.8 with BL, 6.3 ± 2.7 with US and 12.2 ± 5 with NS. The most common complication was staining of the spinal cord (29%, 38% and 39% with BL, NS and US, respectively).Conclusions Success rates were low and complication rates were relatively high, based on staining, with the three techniques.Clinical relevance The use of more advanced techniques for PBPB in dogs is not justified according to this study. Clinical significance of the complications encountered in this study should be evaluated.

A cadaveric study to determine the minimum volume of methylene blue to completely color the nerves of brachial plexus in cats. An update in forelimb and shoulder surgeries

“…These blocks are based on the direct visualization of innervation, anesthetic needle, and adjacent anatomical structures 1 .…”

“…Moreover, through this synergism it is possible to reduce the general anesthetic doses, known to be responsible for the undesirable depression of the cardiovascular system 1 .…”

Transient Horner′s syndrome after paravertebral brachial plexus blockade in a dog

“…2009). Paravertebral brachial plexus blockade has also been described as a potential cause in dogs (Rioja et al. 2012) although, to the authors′ knowledge, no case has been reported.…”

Ultrasound and gross anatomy of the brachial plexus and major nerves of the forelimb. An anesthetic approach using the domestic rabbit (Oyctolagus cuniculus) as an experimental model1

“…To perform locoregional ultrasound-guided brachial plexus block, a key requirement for success is to ensure optimum distribution of local anesthetic in close proximity to the nerve roots and/or major nerves 16,17 . This goal can be more effectively achieved by using sonographic visualization rather than being performed blindly.…”