Comparison of Three Methods to Assess Resistance in Sunflower to Basal Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor.

Sedun, F. S.; Brown, J. F.

doi:10.1094/pd-73-0052

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the lesion length at this moment can be used as an early criteria for selecting individual plants before the flowering period. These results confirm our partial preliminary reports (Bazzalo et al, 1987b) and are in agreement with others performed by Sedun et al (1989). These authors found that basal stalk rot resistance ranking was similar for both the rate of lesion development and percentage of diseased plants (which exhibite basal stem lesions).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Indicators of resistance of sunflower plant to basal stalk rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum): Symptomatological, biochemical, anatomical, and morphological characters of the host

Bazzalo¹,

Dimarco²,

Martínez³

et al. 1991

Euphytica

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The object of this work was a study of the relationship between the field reactions of different sunflower genotypes to basal stalk rot (in terms of severe (dead plants) and incipient wilting, and lesion length) and some biochemical (phenol concentration), morphological (plant height, and stem and flower-bud diameters) and anatomical (xylem and cortical indexes) characters of the host. Plants from 8 inbred lines at closed flower-bud stage were artificially inoculated with mycelium at the base of the stem. The percentage of dead plants for each inbred line and the lesion length and wilting range for individual plants after 7 days were recorded.A positive and highly significant correlation coefficient between the percentage of dead plants and lesion length was found for the three years of the study (r = 0.83; P < 0.01). A highly significant association between lesion length and wilting range for individual plants was always found (P = 0.00). Postinfectional phenol content exhibited a strong negative correlation with lesion length and the percentage of dead plants in all the experiments (P = 0.05). Association between postinfectional phenol content and wilting range for individual plants was significant for all the years studied (P < 0.05). No correlation between phenol levels in healthy plants of the different sunflower genotypes and their susceptibility was found. Morphological characters positively correlated with lesion length but only plant height exhibited significant values for the three years. Associations between wilting range and morphological characters for individual plants were significant for one of the two years analyzed (P < 0.05). Xylem index showed a negative correlation with lesion length which was significant one of the two years studied.The lesion length measure seems to be a simple and direct method for resistance screening before the flowering period. Although strong relations with postinfectional phenol levels were found, their determinations would be too much time consuming and not completely reliable. The relationships between other characters measured and disease resistance would indicate that physiological mechanisms could be related to resistance. 196

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Indicators of resistance of sunflower plant to basal stalk rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum): Symptomatological, biochemical, anatomical, and morphological characters of the host

Bazzalo¹,

Dimarco²,

Martínez³

et al. 1991

Euphytica

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“…Two species of Sclerotinia have been reported to be pathogenic to H. tuberosus and the related H. annuus (sunflower), namely Sclerotinia scierotiorum (Vear & Guillaumin, 1977) and S. minor (Sedun & Brown, 1989). Diseased stem tissue was taken at random from fieldinfected plants showing typical Sclerotinia stem rot symptoms, and pure cultures were established.…”

Section: Identification Of the Pathogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Sclerotinia resistance in Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) varieties, lines and somaclones, in the field and in vitro

Cassells

Walsh

1995

Plant Pathology

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Yields in large‐scale ‘continuous’ cultivation of H. tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) can be greatly reduced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which causes a basal stem and tuber rot. In 34 varieties/lines of H. tuberosus from European, Russian and Canadian breeding programmes, responses to the pathogen varied from field resistance to 34% stem rot, cultivars Nahodka and Columbia showing c. 25% stem rot after three seasons of cultivation on the same site. Attempts to develop an in‐vitro selection for S. sclerotiorum resistance based on culture of H. tuberosus nodes on media precolonized with Sclerotina were unsuccessful. There was a strong positive correlation between capacity of nodes to grow in vitro on calcium‐free medium and field resistance. Somaclones of'Nahodka’ selected on the latter basis showed no field infection when grown on land that was heavily contaminated with the pathogen, and they were resistant to artificial inoculation with the pathogen.

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“…This wide host range has prevented definitive host specificity testing for S. sclerotiorum (Pratt and Rowe 1995;Price and Colhoun 1975). Several studies have attempted to identify strains or genotypes with specific pathogenicity on sunflower with only limited success (Durman et al 2003;Ekins et al 2007;Marciano et al 1983;Sedun and Brown 1989). In Australia, sunflower diseases caused by S. sclerotiorum are most prevalent during cool moist conditions from late March to early September (Clarke 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on sunflower in Australia

Ekins

Hayden

Aitken

et al. 2010

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is host to infections by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum originating from either homothallic sexually-derived ascospores (stem and head rots) or asexually-derived sclerotia (root rot). While sunflower can be infected by either ascospores or sclerotia this study found no association between the genotypes found in lesions and the type of infection (stem, head or root rot). Multicopy Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs) showed individual sclerotia comprised of only one genotype, and that all eight ascospores within an ascus also had only one genotype. Mycelial Compatibility Groups (MCGs), Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), single and multicopy RFLP analyses all showed the majority of sunflower plants were infected by only one genotype. A sample of 250 isolates collected hierarchically from sunflowers in Queensland and New South Wales were shown to belong to one large genetic population of S. sclerotiorum. Temporal studies revealed genetic uniformity was maintained across years, further confirming one genetic population. A range of molecular markers were used to genotype 120 isolates, resulting in differing levels of resolution of a genotype. Between 13 and 24 genotypes were identified with similarities and differences in the assemblages of isolates within each genotype depending on the marker used.

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Comparison of Three Methods to Assess Resistance in Sunflower to Basal Stem Rot Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and S. minor.

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Indicators of resistance of sunflower plant to basal stalk rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum): Symptomatological, biochemical, anatomical, and morphological characters of the host

Indicators of resistance of sunflower plant to basal stalk rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum): Symptomatological, biochemical, anatomical, and morphological characters of the host

Screening for Sclerotinia resistance in Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke) varieties, lines and somaclones, in the field and in vitro

Population structure of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on sunflower in Australia

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