Comparison of the water footprint of two hydropower plants in the Tocantins River Basin of Brazil

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“…The increment in chlorophyll b content, with the increase in the saline level of the irrigation water, is probably a physiological defense process of the plants against the photooxidation to consequently avoid a reduction in photosynthetic efficiency (Silva et al, 2014). Contrary to the results of the present study, Silva et al (2017) observed reduction in the chlorophyll b content due to the increment in irrigation water salinity, evaluating the effects of irrigation water salinity (ECw: 0.3 to 3.5 dS m -1 ) on the photosynthetic pigments of guava, cv. Paluma, at 190 days after sowing.…”

“…Thus, as photosynthesis forms the basis of the production of a crop, the absorption and use of the light energy by the plants reflect directly on the crop production (Freire et al, 2013). Reduction in the contents of photosynthesizing pigments have been observed in various species cultivated under salt-stress conditions, such as passion fruit (Freire et al, 2013) and guava (Silva et al, 2017). For the content of chlorophyll b ( Figure 1B), according to the test of comparison of means, West Indian Cherry plants subjected to the highest ECw (3.8 dS m -1 ) statistically showed the highest value of Chl b, compared with those irrigated using water of 0.8 dS m -1 .…”

“…In this context, several studies indicate a positive effect of the interaction between water salinity and nitrogen fertilization, in castor beans, Guedes Filho et al (2015) in sunflower crops. However, Silva et al (2017), evaluating the effects of irrigation with saline waters (ECw: from 0.3 to 3.5 dS m -1 ) on the formation of rootstocks, and Paluma and Souza et al (2016), also studying the irrigation with saline waters and nitrogen doses on Crioula guava during the formation of rootstocks, did not find a beneficial effect of this interaction on the growth and quality of guava rootstocks.…”

“…Hydroelectric power plants (HPPs) have accounted for up to 65% of electric energy production in Brazil. Studies that address the relationship between water and hydroelectricity generation have been increasingly required because of the growing concern regarding the water sustainability of hydropower plants (Coelho et al, 2017).…”

The water footprint from hydroelectricity: a case study for a hydropower plant in Romania

“…The data are estimated from Figure 4. Water losses through seepage are neglected, because they aren't really losses, being available downstream, [39,40].…”