Comparison of the validity of periodontal probing measurements in smokers and non‐smokers

Biddle, Amanda; Palmer, Richard; Wilson, Ron; Watts, Trevor

doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.280813.x

Cited by 45 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The lack of a difference in probing depth between the current nonsmokers and smokers may be due to reduced clinical probing depth in smokers, which it has been suggested may be due to less inflammation and a difference in tissue consistency. 18 The population in this study differs from that investigated in a previous study of periodontal disease and preterm low birth weight by Offenbacher et al (1996) in the USA. 19 The study reported here featured subjects with a higher mean age, a lower proportion of Black ethnic groups and fewer smokers.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Periodontal health of London women during early pregnancy

Moore¹,

Ide²,

Wilson³

et al. 2001

Br Dent J

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

Periodontal health of London women during early pregnancy

Moore¹,

Ide²,

Wilson³

et al. 2001

Br Dent J

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“…The strength of the association with water pipe smoking was similar to that with cigarette smoking, suggesting a negative impact of water pipe smoking on periodontal health. Nevertheless, with the reduced inflammatory response as measured by gingival bleeding, and the increase in tissue fibrosis in smokers as suggested by Biddle et al (2001) the severity of the periodontal disease in the present smokers might have been underestimated.…”

Section: Periodontal Pocketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco Smoking and Periodontal Health in a Saudi Arabian Population

Natto

Baljoon

Bergström

2005

Journal of Periodontology

114

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Background & Aim: Tobacco smoking exerts a harmful effect on the periodontal tissues manifested by periodontal pockets, attachment loss and periodontal bone loss. Current evidences on the effects of tobacco on periodontal health mainly concern cigarette smoking. In view of the increasing popularity of water pipe smoking in Arabian countries and reports confirming that water pipe smoking has health effects similar to those of cigarette smoking, there is a need for a better understanding of the potential harm of this smoking habit. The present thesis was carried out in order to explore whether water pipe smoking is associated with periodontal health in a manner similar to cigarette smoking.

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“…The smokers also had greater mean probing depths and more deep pockets. Smokers may have less overt inflammation, which tends to reduce the estimate of probing depth, [24][25][26] thereby decreasing the chance of showing a difference. Probing depth is not a direct measure of periodontal destruction and periodontal attachment loss is to be preferred.…”

Section: Probing Pocket Depthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A retrospective study of periodontal disease severity in smokers and non-smokers

et al. 2005

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B Ba ac ck kg gr ro ou un nd d Smoking has been associated with increased risk of periodontitis. The aim of the present study was to compare the periodontal disease severity of adult heavy smokers and never-smokers referred for assessment and treatment of chronic periodontitis. M Me et th ho od ds s A random sample of patients with at least 20 teeth, stratified for smoking and age (5-year blocks, 35 to 55 years), was selected from an original referral population of 1,221 subjects with chronic adult periodontitis. Adequate records for 59 never-smokers and 44 subjects who smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day were retrieved. The percentage of alveolar bone support was measured from dental panoramic radiographs with a Schei ruler at x3 magnification with the examiner unaware of the smoking status. Probing depths at six sites per tooth were obtained from the initial consultation. R Re es su ul lt ts s There was no significant difference in age between groups. Smokers had fewer teeth (p<0.001), fewer shallow pockets (p<0.001) and more deep probing depths (p<0.001). The differences were greater in subjects 45 years of age and over. In this age group, smokers had approximately 13% more bone loss, 15% more pockets in the 4-6 mm category and 7% more pockets in the ≥ 7 mm category than the neversmokers. C Co on nc cl lu us si io on ns s This study confirmed that smokers had evidence of more severe periodontal disease than never-smokers. The differences increased with age confirming an exposure-related response.

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Comparison of the validity of periodontal probing measurements in smokers and non‐smokers

Cited by 45 publications

References 23 publications

Periodontal health of London women during early pregnancy

Periodontal health of London women during early pregnancy

Tobacco Smoking and Periodontal Health in a Saudi Arabian Population

A retrospective study of periodontal disease severity in smokers and non-smokers

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