Comparison of the toxicity of aluminum oxide nanorods with different aspect ratio

Yoon

et al. 2015

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With the rapid development of the nano-industry, concerns about their potential adverse health effects have been raised. Thus, ranking accurately their toxicity and prioritizing for in vivo testing through in vitro toxicity test is needed. In this study, we used three types of synthesized aluminum oxide nanoparticles (AlONPs): γ-aluminum oxide hydroxide nanoparticles (γ-AlOHNPs), γ-and α-AlONPs. All three AlONPs were spherical, and the surface area was the greatest for γ-AlONPs, followed by the α-AlONPs and γ-AlOHNPs. In mice, γ-AlOHNPs accumulated the most 24 h after a single oral dose. Additionally, the decreased number of white blood cells (WBC), the increased ratio of neutrophils and the enhanced secretion of interleukin (IL)-8 were observed in the blood of mice dosed with γ-AlOHNPs (10 mg kg À1 ). We also compared their toxicity using four different in vitro test methods using six cell lines, which were derived from their potential target organs, BEAS-2B (lung), Chang (liver), HACAT (skin), H9C2 (heart), T98G (brain) and HEK-293 (kidney). The results showed γ-AlOHNPs induced the greatest toxicity. Moreover, separation of particles was observed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of cells treated with γ-AlOHNPs, but not γ-AlONPs or α-AlONPs. In conclusion, our results suggest that the accumulation and toxicity of AlONPs are stronger in γ-AlOHNPs compared with γ-AlONPs and α-AlONPs owing their low stability within biological system, and the presence of hydroxyl group may be an important factor in determining the distribution and toxicity of spherical AlONPs.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biodistribution and toxicity of spherical aluminum oxide nanoparticles

Yoon

et al. 2015

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“…S‐AlONPs were well dispersed (Figure A), whereas L‐AlONPs showed an aggregated appearance (Figure B). S‐ and L‐AlONPs had anisotropic shapes with different aspect ratios (length‐to‐diameter) of 2.1 ± 0.4, and 6.2 ± 0.6, respectively (Park, Lee, et al, ; Park, Kim, et al, ). The XRD patterns obtained from both S‐ and L‐AlONPs were primarily indexed to δ phase, although S‐AlONPs were δ phase with the I space group (PDF no.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S‐ and L‐AlONPs and AlCeONPs were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (catalog nos 718475, 544833 and 637866; St. Louis, MO, USA) and loaded in deionized water at a concentration of 1 mg ml −1 . As described previously (Park, Lee, et al, ; Park, Sim, et al, ; Park, Kim, et al, ), each sample was dispersed in a stable fashion by sonication twice for 10 minutes in a bath‐type sonicator (150 W, 40 kHz). The temperature of the sonicator was maintained below 30°C to prevent agglomeration between the particles.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, knowledge regarding the relationship between the properties of AlONPs and their biodistribution is extremely limited. In our previous study, we suggested that the accumulation and toxicity of rod‐type AlONPs depend on the aspect ratio and surface area (Park, Lee, et al, ; Park, Kim, et al, ), and that the distribution and toxicity of spherical AlONPs are raised by the presence of the hydroxyl group due to their low stability within biological systems (Park, Lee, et al, ). Moreover, when exposed to macrophages, oxide‐coated Al‐NPs (50, 80 and 120 nm) induced greater toxicity and more clearly decreased phagocytic ability compared to AlONPs (30 and 40 nm) (Wagner et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tissue distribution following 28 day repeated oral administration of aluminum‐based nanoparticles with different properties and the in vitro toxicity

Yoon

et al. 2017

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The tissue distribution and toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs) depend on their physical and chemical properties both in the manufactured condition and within the biological system. We characterized three types of commercially available aluminum-based NPs (Al-NPs), two rod-type aluminum oxide NPs (Al O , AlONPs), with different aspect ratios (short [S]- and long [L]-AlONPs), and spherical aluminum cerium oxide NPs (AlCeO , AlCeONPs). The surface area was in order of the S-AlONPs > L-AlONPs > AlCeONPs. Very importantly, we found that AlCeONPs is Al O -coated CeO NPs, but not AlCeO NPs, and that the Al level in AlCeONPs is approximately 20% of those in S- and L-AlONPs. All three types of Al-NPs were slightly ionized in gastric fluid and rapidly particlized in the intestinal fluid. There were no significant differences in the body weight gain following 28 days of repeated oral administration of the three different types of Al-NPs. All Al-NPs elevated Al level in the heart, spleen, kidney and blood at 24 hours after the final dose, accompanied by the altered tissue level of redox reaction-related trace elements. Subsequently, in four types of cells derived from the organs which Al-NPs are accumulated, H9C2 (heart), HEK-293 (kidney), splenocytes and RAW264.7 (blood), S-AlONPs showed a very low uptake level and did not exert significant cytotoxicity. Meanwhile, cytotoxicity and uptake level were the most remarkable in cells treated with AlCeONPs. In conclusion, we suggest that the physicochemical properties of NPs should be examined in detail before the release into the market to prevent unexpected adverse health effects.

“…In this regard, NPs of a certain size range have recently emerged as an inhalable pollutant that can travel deeper into the lungs than microsized particles (El-Sherbiny, El-Baz, & Yacoub, 2015;Hoet et al, 2004). Some researchers also suggested that NPs can impair the defense mechanisms of the host and persist for a long time in the lungs owing to their unique properties (Braydich-Stolle et al, 2010;Chang, Fu, Zhang, Tang, & Wang, 2014;Park et al, 2015;Tkach et al, 2011). In this study, we aimed to identify the properties that determine pulmonary accumulation and the subsequent toxicity of aluminumbased NPs (Al-NPs).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of subchronic immunotoxicity of four different types of aluminum‐based nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as an inhalable pollutant, owing to their applications, aluminum-based NPs (Al-NPs) have been prioritized for toxicity testing. In the current study, we compared the pulmonary biopersistence and subsequent toxicity of four different types of Al-NPs (two rod-type aluminum oxide NPs [AlONPs] with different aspect ratios [short (S)- and long (L)-AlONPs], spherical aluminum cerium oxide NPs [AlCeO , AlCeONPs] and spherical γ-aluminum oxide hydroxide nanoparticles [AlOOHNPs]) 13weeks after a single intratracheal instillation, considering the importance of their properties in their toxicity. We found that the pulmonary biopersistence of Al-NPs was strengthened by a high aspect ratio in the rod-type AlONPs and by the presence of hydroxyl groups in the spherical-type Al-NPs. The highest toxicity was observed in the mice treated with AlOOHNPs, which showed low biostability. More importantly, we identified that the commercially available AlCeONPs were Al O -coated CeO NPs, but not AlCeO NPs, although they have been sold under the trade name of AlCeONPs. In conclusion, the aspect ratio and biostability may be important factors in the determination of the biopersistence of NPs and the subsequent biological response. In addition, the physicochemical properties of NPs should be examined in detail before their release into the market to prevent unexpected adverse health effects.