Comparison of the replication characteristics of vaccinia virus strains Guang 9 and Tian Tan in vivo and in vitro

Abstract

Vaccinia virus is widely used as a vector in the development of recombinant vaccines. Vaccinia virus strain Guang 9 (VG9), which was derived from vaccinia virus strain Tian Tan (VTT) by successive plaque-cloning purification, was more attenuated than VTT. In this study, the host cell range and the growth and replication of VG9 were compared with those of VTT. The results showed that both VG9 and VTT could infect permissive cells (Vero, TK-143 and CEF) and semipermissive cells PK (15) and induced a visible cytopathic effect (CPE). Both strains could infect nonpermissive CHO-K1 cells but neither was able to reproduce. The replicative ability of VG9 was a little lower than that of VTT. Additionally, recombinant vaccinia viruses containing a firefly luciferase gene (VG9-L and VTT-L) were constructed, and their expression in vitro and replication and spread in vivo were compared. The expression ability of VG9-L was lower than that of VTT-L. Whole-animal imaging data indicated that VG9-L could reproduce quickly and express the exogenous protein at the site of inoculation, regardless of whether the intramuscular, intracutaneous, subcutaneous or celiac inoculation route was used. VG9-L was better in its ability to express a foreign protein than VTT-L, but the time during which expression occurred was shorter. There was no dissemination of virus in mice inoculated with either strain. In summary, this study demonstrates the possibility of using VG9 for the production of smallpox vaccines or the construction of recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines.

Antibody-dependent-cellular-cytotoxicity-inducing antibodies significantly affect the post-exposure treatment of Ebola virus infection

“…Bioluminescence was analysed with the IVIS Lumina Series III Imaging System (Xenogen, Baltimore, MD, USA) with image acquisition and analysis methods that have been described previously37. In brief, mice were anaesthetized with pelltobarbitalum natricum (240 mg/kg body weight) via the IP route, and luminescence was measured 10 min after an IP injection of the substrate, d -luciferin (50 mg/kg body weight; Xenogen-Caliper Corp., Alameda, CA, USA).…”

Oncolytic efficacy of thymidine kinase-deleted vaccinia virus strain Guang9

“…Vaccinia strain Guang9 (VG9) is an attenuated Chinese vaccinia virus, which was derived from Chinese vaccinia strain Tian Tan (VTT) by consecutive plaque-cloning selection [29–31]. The biological characteristics of VG9 have been studied clearly and it is supposed to become an encouraging construction of recombinant vaccinia virus vector [32]. We have previously demonstrated the antitumor effect of VG9 both in vitro and in vivo .…”

Target Therapy With Vaccinia Virus Harboring IL-24 For Human Breast Cancer

“…VTT is less virulent than vaccinia virus strain WR [27], which has been widely used in laboratories and extensively tested in clinical trials. VG9 was derived from VTT by using consecutive plaque-cloning selection and has been demonstrated smaller necrosis area and pock diameter production, less red swelling and lower incidences of fever and hyperpyrexia [13]. Although VG9 still had neurotoxicity to a certain extent, the virulence was found to be lower than VTT in various animal models.…”

“…The recombinant vaccinia virus carrying IL-24 gene was constructed via homologous recombination between shuttle plasmid (pCB, gifted from Professor Liu) and vaccinia virus strain VG9 (obtained from National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China), which was derived from Chinese vaccine strain Tian Tan (VTT) and has been demonstrated be more attenuated [13]. The IL-24 gene (full-length cDNA was purchased from Sino Biological Inc. , Beijing, China) was inserted into viral thymidine kinase (TK) locus and was under the control of the vaccinia synthetic early/late promoter [14].…”