Comparison of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from pine and balsam fir¹

Abstract

The pine wood neiTi.itode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was found on baLsani iir in Minnesota and Wisconsin but was .ipparently not the primary cause of tree mortality. Unlike li. xylophilus from pine, adult females from hals.im fir had mucronate tails similar to those of /i, mueronatus.However, B. xylophilus from balsam fir mated with B. xylophilus from pine and not with B. mueronatus. The balsam fir isolate of B. xylophilus was pathogenic on (greenhouse grown balsam fir sccdlinj^s and did not kill Scots or red pine seedlings. The converse was true for a pine isolate of B. xylophilus Irom Minnesota which killed pine and not balsam fir seedlings. Pine and balsam fir isolates of B. xylophilus reproduced equally well on cultures of Botrytis einera, but the balsam fir isolate reproduced minimally on cultures of Ceratocystis ips.

Pathogenicity of the nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus to Pinus sylvestris seedlings: A greenhouse test

“…Inoculation of the nematodes on seedlings tend to give variable results and pathogenicity may vary considerably between isolates oí Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Wingfield et al, 1983;Mamiya & Enda, 1979;Panesar & Sutherland, 1989). Species of host tree seedlings react differently to the inoculation of the nematodes.…”

The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Madeira Island

“…Variation in the shape of the female tails, from round, digitate to mucronate has been detected in PWN isolates from Continental Portugal (Penas et al, 2004;Fonseca et al, 2008a;Penas et al, 2008). Mucronate tailed females of PWN have also been reported in Japan and North America (Wingfield et al, 1983;Bolla & Boschert, 1993). Furthermore, most of the morphometric data (Table 2) are within the range of other B. xylophilus isolates previously described (Mamiya & Kiyohara, 1972;Nickle et al, 1981;Mota et al, 1999;Fonseca et al, 2008a;Penas et al, 2008).…”

Pathogenicity of canadian isolates of the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pinewood nematode) to provenances of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus contorta as grown in Finland: A greenhouse study

“…4 (1989) mucronated tail. The r form conforms to the taxonomic description of B. xylophilus (Nickle et al, 1981) while the m form is similar to the mucronated B. xylophilus that Wingfield et al (1983) found in Minnesota.…”

“…In general, the two r form nematodes isolated from pines in Alberta and Missouri were found to be more pathogenic to lodgepole pine seedlings than two m form nematodes isolated from other conifers in Quebec, as shown by greater seedling mortality, shorter interval between inoculation and seedling death, and higher nematode numbers in stems. Wingfield et al (1983) also recorded high mortality of Scots pine and red pine (P. resinosa Ait.) seedlings inoculated with r form PWNs from pine species, but none with m form PWNs from balsam fir.…”

“…The results of that research are reported here. For comparison, a pathogenic PWN (r form) from P. sylvestrís in Missouri (Kondo et al, 1982;Wingfield et al, 1983) and a PWN isolate (m form) from Pinus pinaster Ait. in France (Baujard, 1980) were also included in our experiments.…”