Pathogenicity of canadian isolates of the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pinewood nematode) to provenances of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus contorta as grown in Finland: A greenhouse study

Abstract

of Forest Research Bumside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada V8Z 1M5). Pathogenicity of Canadian isolates of the Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus (Pinewood Nematode) to Provenances of Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta as grown in Finland: a Greenhouse Study. Accepted Jan. 9, 1989. Scand. J. For. Res. 4:549-557, 1989.Seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and lodgepole pine (P. contorta Dougl.) provenances, as grown in Finland, were inoculated with "m" and "r" "forms" of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) from Canada, an m form isolate from France and an r form isolate from Missouri, USA. Scots pine was highly susceptible to an Alberta r form and a British Columbia m form isolate and moderately susceptible to two Quebec m form isolates. Lodgepole pine was higly susceptible to the two r form (Alberta and Missouri) isolates and moderately susceptible to the British Columbia m form and the two Quebec m form isolates. Mortality of both pines after inoculation with the French isolate was inconsistent. Mortality of both pines occurred more rapidly following inoculation with r form than with m form nematodes. Large numbers of nematodes were generally found in the tissues of both pines. Our results with seedlings need to be corroborated by inoculating larger field-grown trees.

Pathogenicity of the nematodes Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and B. mucronatus to Pinus sylvestris seedlings: A greenhouse test

“…Inoculation of the nematodes on seedlings tend to give variable results and pathogenicity may vary considerably between isolates oí Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Wingfield et al, 1983;Mamiya & Enda, 1979;Panesar & Sutherland, 1989). Species of host tree seedlings react differently to the inoculation of the nematodes.…”

“…Often seedlings of different pine species from different climatical zones have been brought together in greenhouse conditions and given a relatively high temperature. When Scots pine has shown to be particularly sensitive to B. xylophilus inoculation (Panesar & Sutherland, 1989), one of the reasons may be that Scots pine is a more northerly growing species than those with which it has been compared and are not as physiologically adaptable to a warmer climate. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 1991.6:407-412.…”

Pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchus sexdentati, Bursaphelenchus leoni and Bursaphelenchus hellenicus on European pine seedlings

“…The virulence of this organism on pines has been investigated under both field and laboratory conditions and it has been shown to be a strong pathogen causing high mortality to pines (MAMIYA 1983;BEDKER et al 1987;LINIT and TAMURA 1987;BEDKER and BLANCHETTE 1988;PANESAR and SUTHERLAND 1989;RIGA et al 1991;BRAASCH 1997). For these reasons B. xylophilus is a quarantine pest for the European Union under Directive 77/93/EEC (ANONYMOUS 1993).…”

Pathogenicity studies with Bursaphelenchus mucronatus in Scots pine in Finland

“…Pathogenicity of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer 1934) Nickle 1970 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) on Pinus sylvestris L. has been examined both in the field (BEDKER et al 1987;BEDKER and BLANCHETTE 1988;LINIT and TAMURA 1987;IKEDA et al 1990) and laboratory (FUTAI and SUTHERLAND 1989;PANESAR and SUTHERLAND 1989;SCHAUER-BLUME 1990;BAKKE et al 1991;RIGA et al 1991) and the results suggest high mortality among P. sylvestris seedlings and trees, particularly at high temperatures of around 30 °C. However, there seems to be pathogenic variability among populations of 5. xylophilus some being very virulent while others may be more or less harmless (BOLLA et al 1986;KIYOHARA and BOLLA 1990).…”

“…B. mucronatus Mamiya and ENDA 1979, on the other hand, has markedly reduced pathogenicity in comparison with B. xylophilus (FUTAI 1980;TAMURA and ENDA 1984;ODANI et al 1985, WANG andSHI 1986;FUTAI and HARASHIMA 1990; SCHAUER-BLUME 1990). Pathogenicity of B. mucronatus varies to some extent, too, Japanese isolate being more or less innocuous, whereas, French and Norwegian isolates may cause some mortality in greenhouse grown seedlings at high temperatures (MAMIYA and ENDA 1979;DE GUIRAN andBOULBRIA 1985, 1986;PANESAR and SUTHERLAND 1989;IKEDA et al 1990; SCHAUER-BLUME 1990;BAKKE et al 1991).…”