Comparison of the Location and Rating of Energy Storage for Renewables Integration in Residential Low Voltage Networks with Overvoltage Constraints

Crossland, Andrew F.; Jones, Darren; Wade, Neal; Walker, Sara

doi:10.3390/en11082041

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…If the environmental benefit still does not pay back the burdens of manufacturing and installing home batteries, other benefits must be seriously weighed against lifetime environmental impacts. These were not addressed in this study, but include avoidance of distribution losses in cases where these may be high for PV export to the grid [25], and reduction of voltage violations on the distribution network [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Emissions Arbitrage Algorithm to Improve the Environmental Performance of Domestic PV-Battery Systems

Sun

Crossland²,

Chipperfield

et al. 2019

Energies

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Domestic PV-battery systems are rarely operated in a way which specifically maximizes environmental benefit. Consequently the studies that seriously examine such systems often find that the greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions savings of rooftop PV, though still positive, are lessened by adding a domestic battery. This study shows thatby simulating a PV-battery system with a range of sizes that this need not be inevitable. A novel algorithm was designed specifically to perform 'emissions arbitrage': to charge the battery when the grid emissions intensity is low and to discharge when it is high. It was found that the CO 2 saved relative to the same system with PV only can more than pay back the CO 2 debt of manufacturing the battery. This is true as long as the UK moves away from the present-day situation where natural gas-fired generators are nearly always the marginal generator. This work underlines the importance of both the operating strategy and the interactions between the system and the entire grid, in order to maximize the environmental benefit achievable with domestic PV-battery systems.In contrast, Faria et al. (2014) [18] showed that a second-life electric vehicle battery could reduce global warming, abiotic depletion, acidification and eutrophication factors by 2% when used in a peak-shaving application in France, and 4-5% in a load-shifting application (both without PV). This is because the French grid emissions intensities change throughout the day in such a way that electricity is imported from the grid when emissions are low and exported to the grid when they are high. This 'emissions arbitrage' effect was not accounted for in the other papers mentioned, which assumed a constant grid emissions intensity.A flaw in the work of Faria et al. (2014) [18] is that they used average rather than marginal emissions intensities. If some grid-generated electricity is displaced by the injection of PV power, or indeed any other intervention, not all the generator types (nuclear, coal, biomass, etc.) would have their output reduced in the same proportion as their total generation. The reduction would occur mostly for the generator type with the highest running cost. This gives rise to the concept of marginal emissions factor (MEF, as opposed to average emissions factor, AEF). Studies have shown that using AEF rather than MEF can cause errors of up to 25% [19][20][21][22].It should also be noted that the battery operating strategies studied by Faria et al. (2014) were not designed to achieve emissions arbitrage. As such, environmental impacts were negative when those operating strategies were applied to Portugal and Poland [18]. The literature is abundant with algorithms for peak reduction, cost minimization and self-sufficiency maximization [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. There is good reason for this: All these objectives are quantifiable and desired by consumers, distribution network operators, or other relevant stakeholders. However, environmental benefit is also desirable, as evidenced by survey data on opini...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Emissions Arbitrage Algorithm to Improve the Environmental Performance of Domestic PV-Battery Systems

Sun

Crossland²,

Chipperfield

et al. 2019

Energies

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“…Under the pressure of environmental pollution and an energy crisis [1], the use of renewable energy sources, such as wind power, photovoltaic power, and biomass power, is rapidly increasing as alternatives to conventional sources [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Many countries have made several projections for large-scale integration of renewable energy sources into their grids [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Power Short-Term Prediction Based on LSTM and Discrete Wavelet Transform

et al. 2019

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A wind power short-term forecasting method based on discrete wavelet transform and long short-term memory networks (DWT_LSTM) is proposed. The LSTM network is designed to effectively exhibit the dynamic behavior of the wind power time series. The discrete wavelet transform is introduced to decompose the non-stationary wind power time series into several components which have more stationarity and are easier to predict. Each component is dug by an independent LSTM. The forecasting results of the wind power are obtained by synthesizing the prediction values of all components. The prediction accuracy has been improved by the proposed method, which is validated by the MAE (mean absolute error), MAPE (mean absolute percentage error), and RMSE (root mean square error) of experimental results of three wind farms as the benchmarks. Wind power forecasting based on the proposed method provides an alternative way to improve the security and stability of the electric power network with the high penetration of wind power.

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“…Step 5. Obtain the system reliability profile: {F DSE , F MI , F SI , U SI , D DSE , D MI , D SI , D tot } using load point reliability profile obtained in Step 4 as given in (9)- (12).…”

Section: Algorithm 1: Quantification Of Reliability Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A Monte Carlo simulation-based approach is developed to quantify the role of ESS in reducing sustained outages experienced by customers in Reference [11]. The impact of intermittent renewable energy resources on the distribution network and the use of energy storage to mitigate this issue have been explored in Reference [12]. Authors in Reference [13] have analyzed the reliability and economic aspect of the microgrid with renewable energy resources and storage from the system planning perspective.Works in References [3,8,9,11,13] either only considers supply interruptions or the methods proposed are not readily applicable in the context of utility-scale distribution network.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors in Reference [13] have analyzed the reliability and economic aspect of the microgrid with renewable energy resources and storage from the system planning perspective.Works in References [3,8,9,11,13] either only considers supply interruptions or the methods proposed are not readily applicable in the context of utility-scale distribution network. References [5][6][7]12] have taken into account the voltage sag/swell, however, generalized methods are lacking to incorporate the intermittency of renewable DGs and energy limitation of storages. Thus, the above-reported literature lacks the systematic approach to assess the role of ESS to mitigate short-and long-duration reliability events at a different level of a distribution system.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Utilizing Energy Storage for Reliability Solutions in Active Distribution Systems

2019

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Stochastic failures in a distribution network result in different reliability events, such as voltage sags and momentary and sustained interruptions, causing significant financial losses for many customers. Strategic utilization of energy storage system (ESS) can help mitigate these reliability events. This paper investigates the role of ESS toward providing reliability solutions in the context of an active distribution system. In this regard, scenario-based probabilistic modeling of reliability event mitigation with the ESS is presented, which is integrated into the reliability evaluation framework. The proposed approach is efficient in assessing reliability solutions with ESS considering storage technology type, power/energy rating, hardware availability, presence of other distributed energy resources, etc. A range of case studies is conducted to evaluate mitigation of reliability events at a different level of the distribution system. Valuable insights into the efficient utilization of ESS are provided based on findings. also being utilized to mitigate different reliability events. DERs can help reduce the impact of sag event by injecting an additional reactive power in case of voltage dips during system contingencies [7]. The energy storage installed at customer premises can override short-and long-duration reliability events [8,9]. Microgrid, which consists of controllable loads and DERs integrated at the point of common coupling (PCC) of distribution network, operates in isolated mode during utility supply disturbances (sags and interruptions), thereby protecting critical load against reliability events [7,10]. DERs that are not part of such microgrids and integrated along a distribution feeder can also operate in an islanded mode to reduce long-duration outages [11].Various aspects of utilization of ESS and other distributed energy resources to mitigate different reliability events have been explored in the existing literature. Reference [3] provides an analytic method to assess the contribution of energy storage and a backup generator to reduce the impact of sustained outages. A new method of protecting sensitive load against momentary interruptions using inverter-coupled ESS is developed in Reference [9]. The potential of sodium-sulfur batteries to protect customer devices/processes are investigated in Reference [8]. Authors in Reference [7] have discussed the role of DG in the mitigation of reliability events with the microgrid-like operation and an additional current injection method. References [5,6] have presented methodologies to model the contribution of power electronic-based devices to lower the impact of voltage sag on an individual load point and overall network. A Monte Carlo simulation-based approach is developed to quantify the role of ESS in reducing sustained outages experienced by customers in Reference [11]. The impact of intermittent renewable energy resources on the distribution network and the use of energy storage to mitigate this issue have been explored in Reference [12]. Authors i...

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Comparison of the Location and Rating of Energy Storage for Renewables Integration in Residential Low Voltage Networks with Overvoltage Constraints

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

An Emissions Arbitrage Algorithm to Improve the Environmental Performance of Domestic PV-Battery Systems

An Emissions Arbitrage Algorithm to Improve the Environmental Performance of Domestic PV-Battery Systems

Wind Power Short-Term Prediction Based on LSTM and Discrete Wavelet Transform

Utilizing Energy Storage for Reliability Solutions in Active Distribution Systems

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