Comparison of the in vitro toxicity of indocyanine green to that of trypan blue in human retinal pigment epithelium cell cultures

Gale, Jeffrey; Proulx, Alain A.; Gonder, John R.; Mao, Alex; Hutnik, Cindy

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.02.061

Cited by 81 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…4 As compared with ICG, Trypan blue appears to have a broader safety profile, as it is non-toxic to cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells and glial cells at concentrations used clinically between 0.06 and 0.2%, and is non-toxic to rabbit retina when it is promptly removed. 18,23,[25][26][27] . Compared with ICG, it is easier to remove from the vitreous cavity, given its high water solubility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery

Oberstein

Smet

2010

Eye

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Purpose Intraocular dyes facilitate the identification of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) during surgery. Appropriate dyes should be safe, provide adequate staining, and be easy to use. Heavy Trypan blue eliminates the need for an air-fluid exchange (AFX) and appears to have little retinal toxicity. This study refers to a prospective, consecutive trial with heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery. Patients and methods A consecutive group of 20 patients with full thickness macular holes was recruited in a single institution study. Patients were operated using conventional methods. Heavy Trypan blue was prepared by mixing isovolumetrically glucose 10% with MembraneBlue (DORC, Zuidland, The Netherlands). Patients were assessed for ease of surgery and post-operatively at 3 and 6 months (vision and ocular coherence tomography) for hole closure and vision. Results Twenty eyes were included in the study. Reapplication of dye was used in 75% of the cases, leading to improved contrast further facilitating the ILM peel. In no case was an AFX necessary to obtain sufficient staining. Macular hole closure was achieved in 19 of 20 patients with one surgery. No retinal detachment or other complication was observed in the follow-up period. Conclusion Heavy Trypan blue can be delivered efficiently to the retinal surface without the need for an AFX. Staining was sufficient to help visualise and peel the ILM. Repeat applications were easily performed. The macular hole closure rate was similar to that of other series with a comparable visual improvement.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 In vitro as well as in vivo toxicity has been shown against the retinal pigment epithelium and retinal glia. 13,14,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Owing to the risks associated with the use of ICG, alternative dyes have been sought to achieve the same goal, but with less potential toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery

Oberstein

Smet

2010

Eye

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“…In a comparison of the in vitro toxicity of ICG and TB, TB showed no toxic effects on human retinal pigment epithelium cells [4,8]. In another study, however, functional changes were seen after the application of TB.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first dye in clinical use was indocyanine green (ICG), which shows a good visualization of the ILM [3], but concerns arose due to a possible critical safety of ICG [4]. In a rat model even a low dose (0.025 mg/ml) of ICG showed functional damage of the retina measured with the electroretinogram [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Functional Outcome after Brilliant Blue G-Assisted Macular Hole Surgery

Lüke

Lüdeke²,

Acksteiner³

et al. 2013

Ophthalmologica

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Purpose of the Study: To investigate the outcome of brilliant blue G (BBG)-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling in macular hole surgery after a follow-up of 6 months. Procedures: In this retrospective study 20 eyes have been treated with BBG-assisted macular hole surgery. After a follow-up of 6 months, the functional and anatomical outcomes have been analyzed. Results: The mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.7 logMAR units (mean ± SD 0.66 ± 0.27). After 3 months, the mean BCVA increased not significantly to 0.4 (0.54 ± 0.30), but a significant improvement to 0.2 logMAR units (0.28 ± 0.23) could be detected after 6 months compared to baseline (p < 0.01). Primary macular hole closure after a single surgery was found in 17 of 20 eyes. Conclusion and Message: BBG exhibits sufficient staining qualities and safety profile leading to a significant functional improvement after successful macular hole surgery.

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“…The concentration of TB used ranges from 0.06 to 0.2% [1,2,3,4], although the toxicity of different concentrations of TB has not been definitively determined [5, 6]. This is important because recent studies have shown that exposure of human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells to TB can induce apoptosis [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothermia Protects Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells against Trypan Blue Toxicity

et al. 2006

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Purpose: To determine whether trypan blue (TB) is toxic to cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells, and whether hypothermia can protect ARPE-19 cells against TB toxicity. Methods: ARPE-19 cells were cultured and exposed to balanced salt solution as a control, while other cells were exposed to 0.05, 0.2, and 0.5% TB dye at 37 and 4°C for 5 and 30 min. The percentage of ARPE-19 cells that survived was determined by resazurin 1 day after the exposure. Results: A statistically significant decrease in the percentage of ARPE-19 cells surviving was found after exposure to 0.2 and 0.5% TB at any temperature or for any exposure duration (p < 0.01). The percentage of RPE cells surviving at 0.05% was not significantly different from that of controls except for a 30-min exposure at 37°C. The percentage of cells surviving at 4°C for a 5-min exposure to 0.5% TB and a 30-min exposure to 0.2 and 0.5% was significantly higher than that at 37°C under each condition (p < 0.01 for all). Conclusions: These results indicate that TB is toxic to human RPE cells, and the toxicity is dose- and exposure duration-dependent. Exposing the cells at 4°C had a protective effect against higher concentrations or longer exposure durations of TB compared to exposure at 37°C.

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Comparison of the in vitro toxicity of indocyanine green to that of trypan blue in human retinal pigment epithelium cell cultures

Cited by 81 publications

References 25 publications

Use of heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery

Use of heavy Trypan blue in macular hole surgery

Morphological and Functional Outcome after Brilliant Blue G-Assisted Macular Hole Surgery

Hypothermia Protects Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells against Trypan Blue Toxicity

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