Comparison of the Immunogenicities and Cross-Lineage Efficacies of Live Attenuated Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Vaccines PPRV/Nigeria/75/1 and PPRV/Sungri/96

Abstract

Despite the widespread use of live attenuated PPRV vaccines, this is the first systematic analysis of the immune response elicited in small ruminants. These data will help in the establishment of the immunological determinants of protection, an important step in the development of new vaccines, especially DIVA vaccines using alternative vaccination vectors. This study is also the first controlled test of the ability of the two major vaccines used against virulent PPRV strains from all genetic lineages of the virus, showing conclusively the complete cross-protective ability of these vaccines.

Comparison of Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of PPR Live Attenuated Vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96) Administered by Intranasal and Subcutaneous Routes

“…In a recent study, Hodgson and colleagues did not observe anti-N antibody responses or neutralizing antibody response at one-week post-vaccination [6] whereas in our study we observed detectable amounts of anti-N antibody and also neutralizing antibody in both the s/c and i/n groups. This variation could be the effect of one log less vaccine dose administered to the animals in the previous study (2 × 10 4 TCID 50 versus 2 × 10 5 TCID 50 in the current study).…”

“…Following vaccination, no PPRV nucleic acid was detected in any body excretions in any vaccinated animals. Similar observations were reported by Enchery and colleagues and Hodgson and colleagues where the vaccine was administered by s/c route [6,24]. As expected, all the vaccinated animals in both the groups were protected from i/n challenge with virulent PPRV indicating both routes of vaccination to be equally efficient.…”

“…Therefore, it is clear that these two vaccines used either subcutaneously or intranasally can provide sterile immunity against an i/n heterologous challenge. Recently, Hodgson and colleagues used s/c route as the route of vaccination and challenge, and reported these two vaccines to be effective at providing sterile immunity against infection from all four lineages of PPRV [6]. Therefore, it is clear that both the existing PPR vaccines could be used to control the disease globally irrespective of circulation of any lineage of the virus.…”

“…Two live attenuated PPR vaccines are currently available; Nigeria 75/1 (lineage II origin) and Sungri 96 (lineage IV origin). These vaccines have been routinely employed subcutaneously in sheep and goats in endemic countries with great success [3,5], and have recently been shown to be capable of protecting goats against infection with field strains of all four genetic lineages [6].…”

Early transcriptome profile of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) infected with peste des petits ruminant's vaccine virus (Sungri/96) revealed induction of antiviral response in an interferon independent manner

“…IFN-γ was found to be significantly upregulated in the present study. Recently, Sungri/96 vaccine was shown to induce strong IFN-γ production and higher number of CD4 + T cells specifically responding to the virus (Hodgson et al, 2018). Thus, in the present study high expression of IL-27 represents its possible antiviral role in PPRV infection.…”