Comparison of the fungicidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue, silver nanoparticle, and their conjugation on oral Candida isolates using cell viability assay

Lavaee, Fatemeh; Yousefi, Motahare; Haddadi, Pardis

doi:10.18502/cmm.6.4.5332

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In different types of infections, it has been shown that photodynamic therapy is strain- and photosensitizer-dependent [ 56 ] and that it has a cumulative effect with the mixture of other antimicrobials [ 57 ]. A factor that must be taken into account and that can increase the antimicrobial activity of the photosensitizer is the incubation/pre-irradiation time, since this could increase the joint effect of the MB + LED [ 58 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue Associated with Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Study in Multi-Species Oral Biofilm

Bueno-Silva,

Parma-Garcia,

Frigo

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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The control of infectious diseases caused by biofilms is a continuing challenge for researchers due to the complexity of their microbial structures and therapeutic implications. Photodynamic therapy as an adjunctive anti-infective treatment has been described as a possible valid approach but has not been tested in polymicrobial biofilm models. This study evaluated the effect of photodynamic therapy in vitro with methylene blue (MB) 0.01% and red LEDs (λ = 660 nm, power density ≈ 330 mW/cm2, 2 mm distance from culture) on the metabolic activity and composition of a multispecies subgingival biofilm. Test Groups LED and MB + LED showed a more significant reduction in metabolic activity than the non-LED application group (~50 and 55%, respectively). Groups LED and MB equally affected (more than 80%) the total bacterial count in biofilms. No differences were noted in the bacterial biofilm composition between the groups. In vitro LED alone or the MB + LED combination reduced the metabolic activity of bacteria in polymicrobial biofilms and the total subgingival biofilm count.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue Associated with Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Study in Multi-Species Oral Biofilm

Bueno-Silva,

Parma-Garcia,

Frigo

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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“…This result differed from the findings of the present study, in which a greater amount of energy was applied -12.6 J provided by a dose of 450 J/cm 2 eliminating 76.73% of C. albicans and 65.02% of C. non-albicans. Lavaee et al [42] showed that aPDT using methylene blue as photosensitizer (1.92 J/cm 2 for 60 seconds) showed an antifungal effect only on C. albicans. Combination of methylene blue and silver nanoparticles did not have any effect on C. albicans, but did on C. glabrata and C. parapsilosis concluding the effect of aPDT was strain and photosensitizer dependent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Therapy in Candida spp. and Epithelial Cell Cultures: An In vitro Study

Marinho,

Teixeira,

Cazanova

et al. 2023

JAMMR

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Aims: The objective of this study was to determinate the photodynamic effect using methylene blue and diode laser on Candida spp. and epithelial cells in vitro. Study Design: An in vitro study was carried on using cultures of Candida spp. and HEp-2 cells. Place and Duration of Study: This study was developed at the School of Biosciences of the Department of Microbiologic Sciences and at the Laboratory of Pneumology of the Biomedical Research Institute at São Lucas Hospital, both at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, located in Porto Alegre, Brazil, between January and December. Methodology: Cultures of Candida spp. and HEp-2 cells were submitted to aPDT with methylene blue (100 μg/mL) and indium-gallium-aluminum-phosphide (InGaAlP) diode laser at 100 J/cm2, 270 J/cm2 and 450 J/cm2. Results: All of these three doses caused significant inactivation of Candida spp. (P<0.05). At 450 J/cm2, the viability of Candida spp., based on colony forming units (CFUs), was reduced by 72.42%, followed by lesser effects with 270 J/cm2 and 100 J/cm2, 45.87% and 22.83%, respectively. PDT decreased CFUs by 50.44% in C. albicans, while other Candida species showed a 41.18% decline in CFUs (P<0.05). With regard to the average effect of the three doses tested in PDT group, HEp-2 cell viability, based on trypan blue exclusion, declined to 70.81%, which was significantly lower than that observed in the control group (86.21%). Conclusion: Methylene blue plus laser exposure (100 J/cm2, 270 J/cm2 and 450 J/cm2) caused significant inactivation of Candida spp. Photodynamic inactivation of the epithelial cells based on cell viability was 2.24-fold lower than the inactivation of Candida spp., which suggests a safety margin for in vivo application.

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“…Few studies in the literature sought to evaluate the action of PSs associated with metallic NPs, such as AgNPs, on fungal inactivation. [46][47][48][49] Maliszewska et al 50 For PDI studies, only the concentration of 7 mg/L of PCs was used. The authors found that there were no great effects when NPs were applied alone.…”

Section: Photoinactivation Of Candida Albicansmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans

Raposo¹,

Souza²,

Santana³

et al. 2023

IJN

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Background Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is an attractive alternative to treat Candida albicans infections, especially considering the spread of resistant strains. The combination of the photophysical advantages of Zn(II) porphyrins (ZnPs) and the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has the potential to further improve PDI. Here, we propose the novel association of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) coated AgNPs with the cationic ZnPs Zn(II) meso -tetrakis( N -ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin or Zn(II) meso -tetrakis( N -n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin to photoinactivate C. albicans . Methods AgNPs stabilized with PVP were chosen to allow for (i) overlap between the NP extinction and absorption spectra of ZnPs and (ii) favor AgNPs-ZnPs interaction; prerequisites for exploring the plasmonic effect. Optical and zeta potential (ζ) characterizations were performed, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was also evaluated. Yeasts were incubated with individual ZnPs or their respective AgNPs-ZnPs systems, at various ZnP concentrations and two proportions of AgNPs, then irradiated with a blue LED. Interactions between yeasts and the systems (ZnP alone or AgNPs-ZnPs) were evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Results Subtle spectroscopic changes were observed for ZnPs after association with AgNPs, and the ζ analyses confirmed AgNPs-ZnPs interaction. PDI using ZnP-hexyl (0.8 µM) and ZnP-ethyl (5.0 µM) promoted a 3 and 2 log 10 reduction of yeasts, respectively. On the other hand, AgNPs-ZnP-hexyl (0.2 µM) and AgNPs-ZnP-ethyl (0.6 µM) systems led to complete fungal eradication under the same PDI parameters and lower porphyrin concentrations. Increased ROS levels and enhanced interaction of yeasts with AgNPs-ZnPs were observed, when compared with ZnPs alone. Conclusion We applied a facile synthesis of AgNPs which boosted ZnP efficiency. We hypothesize that the plasmonic effect combined with the greater interaction between cells and AgNPs-ZnPs systems resulted in an efficient and improved fungal inactivation. This study provides insight into the application of AgNPs in PDI and helps diversify our antifungal arsenal, encouraging further developments toward inactivation of resistant Candida spp.

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Comparison of the fungicidal efficacy of photodynamic therapy with methylene blue, silver nanoparticle, and their conjugation on oral Candida isolates using cell viability assay

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue Associated with Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Study in Multi-Species Oral Biofilm

Antimicrobial Activity of Methylene Blue Associated with Photodynamic Therapy: In Vitro Study in Multi-Species Oral Biofilm

Photodynamic Therapy in Candida spp. and Epithelial Cell Cultures: An In vitro Study

A Novel Strategy Based on Zn(II) Porphyrins and Silver Nanoparticles to Photoinactivate Candida albicans

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