Comparison of the fate of isoproturon in small- and large-scale water/sediment systems

Rönnefahrt, Ines; Traub-Eberhard, Ute; Kördel, Werner; Stein, Bernd

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)00149-5

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The half-lives of atrazine, isoproturon, and diuron corresponded well to half-life estimates from different other freshwater microcosm studies whereby slight discrepancies may be explained by differences in temperature, light source, or sediment type (20,(34)(35)(36).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Mixture Toxicity of Three Photosystem II Inhibitors (Atrazine, Isoproturon, and Diuron) Toward Photosynthesis of Freshwater Phytoplankton Studied in Outdoor Mesocosms

Knauert

Escher

Singer

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Mixture toxicity of three herbicides with the same mode of action was studied in a long-term outdoor mesocosm study. Photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton as the direct target site of the herbicides was chosen as physiological response parameter. The three photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors atrazine, isoproturon, and diuron were applied as 30% hazardous concentrations (HC30), which we derived from species sensitivity distributions calculated on the basis of EC50 growth inhibition data. The respective herbicide mixture comprised 1/3 of the HC30 of each herbicide. Short-term laboratory experiments revealed that the HC30 values corresponded to EC40 values when regarding photosynthetic activity as the response parameter. In the outdoor mesocosm experiment, effects of atrazine, isoproturon, diuron and their mixture on the photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton were investigated during a five-week period with constant exposure and a subsequent five-month postexposure period when the herbicides dissipated. The results demonstrated that mixture effects determined at the beginning of constant exposure can be described by concentration addition since the mixture elicited a phytotoxic effect comparable to the single herbicides. Declining effects on photosynthetic activity during the experiment might be explained by both a decrease in water herbicide concentrations and by the induction of community tolerance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Mixture Toxicity of Three Photosystem II Inhibitors (Atrazine, Isoproturon, and Diuron) Toward Photosynthesis of Freshwater Phytoplankton Studied in Outdoor Mesocosms

Knauert

Escher

Singer

et al. 2008

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…It has to be noted that the transferability of results attained in lab-scale experiments to large-scale systems or even real environmental processes is limited, conditioned by fundamental differences in size, complexity, and incubation of the systems (72). Therefore, real environmental conditions, which include photodegradation and nutrient replacement, should in general lead to a more efficient elimination of pharmaceutical residues; the data obtained allow an estimation of the environmental fate and distribution of the selected pharmaceuticals and metabolites, which showed a wide range of different behaviors with respect to degradation/dissipation, affinity to the sediment, and persistence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Water/Sediment Systems

Löffler

Römbke

Meller

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

473

202

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In recent years there has been growing interest on the occurrence and the fate of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Nevertheless, few data are available covering the fate of the pharmaceuticals in the water/sediment compartment. In this study, the environmental fate of 10 selected pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical metabolites was investigated in water/sediment systems including both the analysis of water and sediment. The experiments covered the application of four 14C-labeled pharmaceuticals (diazepam, ibuprofen, iopromide, and paracetamol) for which radio-TLC analysis was used as well as six nonlabeled compounds (carbamazepine, clofibric acid, 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine, 2-hydroxyibuprofen, ivermectin, and oxazepam), which were analyzed via LC-tandem MS. Ibuprofen, 2-hydroxyibuprofen, and paracetamol displayed a low persistence with DT50 values in the water/sediment system < or =20 d. The sediment played a key role in the elimination of paracetamol due to the rapid and extensive formation of bound residues. A moderate persistence was found for ivermectin and oxazepam with DT50 values of 15 and 54 d, respectively. Lopromide, for which no corresponding DT50 values could be calculated, also exhibited a moderate persistence and was transformed into at least four transformation products. For diazepam, carbamazepine, 10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxycarbamazepine, and clofibric acid, system DT90 values of >365 d were found, which exhibit their high persistence in the water/sediment system. An elevated level of sorption onto the sediment was observed for ivermectin, diazepam, oxazepam, and carbamazepine. Respective Koc values calculated from the experimental data ranged from 1172 L x kg(-1) for ivermectin down to 83 L x kg(-1) for carbamazepine.

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“…The sediment depth was ∼1.2 cm deep, and the water was ∼6.4 cm deep in each system. These small (150−3000 mL of water and 25−600 g of sediment) laboratory water/sediment systems have been used to elucidate the fate of various pesticides ( − ). Following the acclimatization period, CHT in ethyl acetate (87.5 μL) was added onto the water surface to obtain an aqueous concentration of 0.5 mg/L, which is less than the reported water solubility of 0.6−1.2 mg/L (), and the water phase was gently stirred for ∼1 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of Chlorothalonil in Irradiated Water/ Sediment Systems

Kwon

Armbrust

2006

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Water/sediment systems were used to investigate partitioning behavior between waters and sediments, as well as the degradation of the fungicide chlorothalonil (CHT) in each matrix. Experiments were run in the light and dark simultaneously for 30 days in both creek and pond sediment systems. Of the total applied CHT, 87-88% dissipated from the water phase in both water/sediment systems within 1 day when irradiated by simulated sunlight. In contrast, 60-68% remained in the water at day 1 in the dark. Approximately 3-6 and 10-16% of the applied CHT was found in sediments under light conditions at day 1 and in the dark at day 3, respectively which are the highest amounts observed during the experimental period. CHT similarly behaved in irradiated water/sediments and sediment-free aqueous solutions, indicating that CHT primarily degraded by photodegradation rather than adsorption to sediment in the early stages of the experiment. 4-Hydroxychlorothalonil was detected only in water in the dark systems. Trichloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene and 3-cyano-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenzamide were also detected and identified with liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. These results suggest that photodegradation is likely to be important to the dissipation of CHT in aqueous solutions and microbial degradation plays an important role for residues that would ultimately reside in sediment.

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Comparison of the fate of isoproturon in small- and large-scale water/sediment systems

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Mixture Toxicity of Three Photosystem II Inhibitors (Atrazine, Isoproturon, and Diuron) Toward Photosynthesis of Freshwater Phytoplankton Studied in Outdoor Mesocosms

Mixture Toxicity of Three Photosystem II Inhibitors (Atrazine, Isoproturon, and Diuron) Toward Photosynthesis of Freshwater Phytoplankton Studied in Outdoor Mesocosms

Environmental Fate of Pharmaceuticals in Water/Sediment Systems

Degradation of Chlorothalonil in Irradiated Water/ Sediment Systems

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