Comparison of the fate and toxicity of chlorpyrifos—Laboratory versus a coastal mesocosm system

Fate in the Environment and Long-Range Atmospheric Transport of the Organophosphorus Insecticide, Chlorpyrifos and Its Oxon

“…The DT 50dis value measured in sediment in a laboratorybased marine microcosm study was approximately 6 d under tropical conditions (Lalah et al 2003), but was likely overestimated because metabolites were not s eparated from the 14-C CPY. The DT 50dis values measured in pore-water ranged from 7 to 14 d in water-gravel laboratory-based microcosms that were treated with 0.2-20 μg CPY L −1 (Pablo et al 2008). The mean and geometric mean DT 50dis s for CPY in laboratory and microcosm tests were 68 and 39 d, respectively (SI Table 4).…”

Ecological Risk Assessment for Chlorpyrifos in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

“…However, in still-water-only laboratory mesocosms, DT 50dis ranged from 10 to 18 d (Pablo et al 2008). Dissipation in small (2.4-L) laboratory microcosms with water and gravel was biphasic with a phase-1 DT 50dis of 2.25-3 d and a phase-2 DT 50dis of 14-18 d (Pablo et al 2008). DT 50dis of CPY in microcosms was reported to be ~5 d from water (Bromilow et al 2006).…”

“…In studies conducted in flowing, outdoor mesocosms, a DT 50dis was reported to be <1 d, probably as a result of hydraulic dilution. However, in still-water-only laboratory mesocosms, DT 50dis ranged from 10 to 18 d (Pablo et al 2008). Dissipation in small (2.4-L) laboratory microcosms with water and gravel was biphasic with a phase-1 DT 50dis of 2.25-3 d and a phase-2 DT 50dis of 14-18 d (Pablo et al 2008).…”

“…The DT 50dis value measured in sediment in a laboratorybased marine microcosm study was approximately 6 d under tropical conditions D. Mackay et al (Lalah et al 2003), but was likely overestimated because metabolites were not s eparated from the 14-C CPY. The DT 50dis values measured in pore-water ranged from 7 to 14 d in water-gravel laboratory-based microcosms that were treated with 0.2-20 μg CPY L −1 (Pablo et al 2008). The mean and geometric mean DT 50dis s for CPY in laboratory and microcosm tests were 68 and 39 d, respectively (SI Table 4).…”

Acute Toxicity of Organophosphorus Pesticides and Their Degredation By-Products to Daphnia Magna, Lepidium Sativum and Vibrio Fischeri

“…Chlorpyrifos is mainly used to control grain, cotton, fruit, and vegetable pests. Chlorpyrifos is acutely toxic to invertebrates and aquatic organisms (Pablo et al, 2008;Zhou et al, 2007;Gul, 2005). In soil, chlorpyrifos has half-lives of 33 to 56 days for soil-incorporated applications and 7-15 days for soil surface applications.…”