Comparison of the environmental impact of five electric vehicle battery technologies using LCA

Matheys, Julien; Timmermans, Jean-Marc; Mierlo, Joeri Van; Meyer, Sandrine; Bossche, Peter Van den

doi:10.1504/ijsm.2009.023977

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Inventory data of specific parts of these cars such as hydrogen tanks (Table 2) and fuel cells (Table 3) of the FCEV have been gathered from (Kudoh et al [11]) and adapted to the individual situation of the FCEV. The detailed material breakdowns of the different battery technology as well the manufacturing energy consumptions are included in the inventory (Matheys et al [12]). However, this information is under confidentiality agreements and could not be revealed in this paper.…”

Section: Manufacturing and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental assessment of different vehicle technologies and fuels

Boureima

Messagie

Sergeant

et al. 2012

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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In this paper, a comparative LCA of conventional and alternative vehicles is performed. Thanks to a modeling approach combining LCA methodology, vehicle homologation data and statistical tools, all the available vehicle types in a given fleet are included in a single LCA model. Statistical distributions are used to include the variations of the main parameters (weight, fuel consumption and emissions) of all the considered vehicles in the LCA model. When dealing with greenhouse effect, battery electric vehicles (BEV) powered with the Belgian electricity supply mix, have a lower greenhouse effect (18.6 ton CO 2 eq/lifetime) than all the comparable vehicle technologies with exception of the sugar cane based bio-ethanol E85 vehicle (8.47 ton CO 2 eq/lifetime). For the different impact categories considered in this study, the impacts of the LPG technology are comparable to diesel. Euro 4 LPG and Euro 4 diesel have respectively greenhouse effects of 53.2 ton CO2eq/lifetime and 49.4 ton CO 2 eq/lifetime. FCEVs have lower impact than petrol and diesel vehicles for greenhouse effect, respiratory effect and acidification. CNG vehicles appear to be an interesting alternative for conventional vehicles. They have a low greenhouse effect (34.7 ton CO 2 eq/lifetime for a Euro 5 CNG) and the best score for respiratory effects and acidification. Furthermore Euro 4 CNG and Euro 4 HEV have comparable greenhouse effects (respectively 44.9 ton CO 2 eq/lifetime and 46.4 ton CO 2 eq/lifetime). Thanks to an iterative calculation process and the use of range of values instead average values, the variation of all the LCA results is assessed without performing a new LCA model. This approach provides the

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Section: Manufacturing and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental assessment of different vehicle technologies and fuels

Boureima

Messagie

Sergeant

et al. 2012

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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“…The Ecoinvent database [11] has been used to calculate LCI data for materials, manufacturing processes, energy production, fuel production and distribution involved in the life cycles of both conventional and alternative vehicles. Detailed LCI data of different battery technologies for hybrid and battery electric vehicles have been collected from the SUBAT project [12]. The transport, shredding and further separation processes of EoL vehicles are based on the current Belgian situation [13].…”

Section: Life Cycle Assessment Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the well-to-wheel approach in the Ecoscore methodology with life cycle assessment for passenger cars

Sergeant¹,

Messagie²,

Boureima³

et al. 2012

WIT Transactions on the Built Environment

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Two methodologies are often used for assessing the environmental impact of a specific car, namely the Ecoscore methodology, a well-to-wheel environmental rating tool for vehicles, and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The environmental impact of a selection of petrol and diesel cars of different ages, as well as alternatively fuelled vehicles (LPG, CNG, HEV, BEV), has been assessed using both methodologies. The influence of neglecting the impact of the vehicle production, maintenance and end-of-life (EoL) phases has shown to be very small, especially for conventional vehicle technologies (petrol, diesel, LPG). For hybrid (HEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV), the manufacturing and EoL of the battery also play an important role, which is mainly displayed in the impact on human health and ecosystems. However, since the impact on global warming counts for 50% in the final Ecoscore, these differences will play a smaller role and -more importantly -still lead to the same ranking of the vehicle technologies as in the LCA results for greenhouse effect. These results have shown that the Ecoscore methodology is an efficient environmental rating tool and hence that a well-to-wheel approach can be considered as a good approximation of a full LCA, in these cases where only the homologated emission and fuel consumption data are available. LCA can however provide a more profound assessment, in case sufficient data are available, since more impact categories and pollutants can be taken into account.

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“…This segment is of paramount importance due to the great environmental impact of the lead-acid battery (Matheys et al, 2009). …”

Section: Research Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diabat et al (2013) emphasize the need for studies on the automotive supply chain. The automotive battery is a segment of the automotive industry and is particularly important since the lead-acid battery has the greatest environmental impact (Matheys et al, 2009). Additionally, there has been a global pressure from stringent environmental regulations affecting automotive battery manufacturers (Brasil, 2008;U.S.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatores críticos de sucesso à adoção de GSCM: estudo de casos no setor de baterias automotivas

Mauricio

Jabbour

2017

Gest. Prod.

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Resumo: A percepção da influência de fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) à adoção das práticas de green supply chain management (GSCM) é o tema desta pesquisa que tem por objetivo identificar e analisar como as principais empresas fabricantes de baterias automotivas instaladas no Palavras-chave: Green supply chain management; Fatores críticos de sucesso; Práticas ambientais; Baterias automotivas; Estudo de casos. Abstract:This study aimed to analyze how the major manufacturers of automotive batteries in Brazil, considered as focal companies in their supply chains, perceive the influence of critical success factors (CSFs) for adoption of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices. A case study was carried out in the three leading manufacturing companies in this sector using data source triangulation: interviews with company managers, coordinators, and supervisors; on site observations of operational activities; and secondary data. The relationship between CSF variables and GSCM practices was investigated. The main results obtained include: "top management commitment" is the most critical success factor for the effective adoption of GSCM practices and that "information management" and "training" (indirectly) are highly critical for adoption of a number of GSCM practices. This study provides deeper insights into this fairly recent topic.

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Comparison of the environmental impact of five electric vehicle battery technologies using LCA

Cited by 39 publications

References 5 publications

Environmental assessment of different vehicle technologies and fuels

Environmental assessment of different vehicle technologies and fuels

Validation of the well-to-wheel approach in the Ecoscore methodology with life cycle assessment for passenger cars

Fatores críticos de sucesso à adoção de GSCM: estudo de casos no setor de baterias automotivas

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