Comparison of the enhancement gradients of retention obtained with stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation after training or memory reactivation

DeVietti, Terry L.; Conger, Gary L.; Kirkpatrick, Brian R.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(77)90232-3

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although a 10 minute time gap is sometimes used after memory reactivation (James et al, 2015; Schiller et al, 2010), effects have also been reported without a time gap (DeVietti, Conger, & Kirkpatrick, 1977) and there is no indication of exactly when the reconsolidation window might start. Limited evidence suggests that the end of the reconsolidation window is likely to be around six hours, but the neurobiology of reconsolidation is largely unknown and not allowing estimations about the start of such a window (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma

Hagenaars

Holmes

Klaassen

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Intrusive trauma memories are a key symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), so disrupting their recurrence is highly important. Intrusion development was hindered by visuospatial interventions administered up to 24 hours after analogue trauma. It is unknown whether interventions can be applied later, and whether modality or working-memory load are crucial factors. Objectives: This study tested: (1) whether a visuospatial task would lead to fewer intrusions compared to a reactivation-only group when applied after memory reactivation four days after analogue trauma exposure (extended replication), (2) whether both tasks (i.e. one aimed to be visuospatial, one more verbal) would lead to fewer intrusions than the reactivation-only group (intervention effect), and (3) whether supposed task modality (visuospatial or verbal) is a critical component (modality effect). Method: Fifty-four participants were randomly assigned to reactivation+Tetris (visuospatial), reactivation+Word games (verbal), or reactivation-only (no task). They watched an aversive film (day 0) and recorded intrusive memories of the film in diary A. On day 4, memory was reactivated, after which participants played Tetris, Word games, or had no task for 10 minutes. They then kept a second diary (B). Informative hypotheses were evaluated using Bayes factors. Results: Reactivation+Tetris and reactivation+Word games resulted in relatively fewer intrusions from the last day of diary A to the first day of diary B than reactivation-only (objective 1 and 2). Thus, both tasks were effective even when applied days after analogue trauma. Reactivation-only was not effective. Reactivation+Word games appeared to result in fewer intrusions than reactivation+Tetris (objective 3; modality effect), but this evidence was weak. Explorative analyses showed that Word games were more difficult than Tetris. Conclusions: Applying a task four days after the trauma film (during memory reconsolidation) was effective. The modality versus working-memory load issue is inconclusive.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma

Hagenaars

Holmes

Klaassen

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Treatments that increase the level of brain activation such as psycho-stimulant drugs or brain stimulation improve memory when administered during consolidation (McGaugh 1966;Bloch 1970) or reconsolidation periods (Devietti et al 1977). Enhanced brain activation along with growth may facilitate memory processes and so shorten the time for memory stabilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal dynamics of consolidation and reconsolidation decrease during postnatal development

Languille¹,

Gruest²,

Richer³

et al. 2008

Learn. Mem.

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The temporal dynamics of consolidation and reconsolidation of taste/odor aversion memory are evaluated during rat pup growth at postnatal days 3, 10, and 18. This is assessed through the temporal gradients of efficacy of a protein synthesis inhibitor (anisomycin) in inducing amnesia after either acquisition (consolidation) or reactivation (reconsolidation). The results show a progressive reduction with age of the delay during which the inhibitor is able to induce amnesia. Control experiments rule out a reduction of anisomycin efficacy due to blood brain barrier growth or decrease in protein synthesis inhibition. Thus, these results present the first evidence that the protein synthesis-dependent phase of memory stabilization requires less time with age. This decrease occurs in parallel for consolidation and reconsolidation. Such changes in the dynamics of memory processing could contribute to the cognitive improvement associated with development.Neurobiological changes occurring during development have been extensively explored, but the functional consequences of these changes for cognition are still not well understood. Research on cognitive development has demonstrated very early learning capacities in vertebrates; different kinds of associative learning may be acquired by neonates and even by the fetus (Smotherman et al. 1982;Kehoe and Blass 1986;Cheslock et al. 2000;Sullivan 2001;Smotherman 2002;Gruest et al. 2004a;Shionoya et al. 2006). Some of these early acquisitions have been shown to be retained in the long term, but the characteristics of long-term memory in the course of development are still poorly known, particularly concerning its stabilization.In the adult, it is well known that memory stabilization is not instantaneous but requires time for the biological processes involved. To be stored in the long term, the memory trace must be consolidated (McGaugh 1966(McGaugh , 2000 and this consolidation requires new protein synthesis (Davis and Squire 1984). Thus, protein synthesis inhibitors given at the time of acquisition, or just afterward, cause amnesia by blocking consolidation. Recently, numerous experiments have enriched this notion by showing that retrieval of a previously consolidated memory induces a new period of lability and that stabilization of the memory in the long term requires a new wave of protein synthesis (for reviews, see Despite the theoretical importance of consolidation and reconsolidation, little is known about the emergence of these characteristics of memory during development. We have recently shown that consolidation and reconsolidation can be detected in the neonate and so may be considered as innate properties of memory processing (Gruest et al. 2004b). However, that does not rule out any possibilities of ontogenetic modifications of these memory characteristics. An indication of this possibility is that retrograde amnesia may be induced in the pup one hour after conditioned aversion training, a delay which has never been observed in the adult in the same kind of learning. Th...

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“…Experiments by DeVietti et al (1977) demonstrated that electrical stimulation of the MRF, which improves memory consolidation when administered within a short time after acquisition, improved memory for a single trial-conditioned fear response in rats when it was applied after memory reactivation and the rat was tested 24 hr later. The shorter the interval between the reactivation and the stimulation, the better the memory enhancement, the temporal gradient of efficacy being quite similar to the postacquisition gradient.…”

Section: Reactivation and Memory Facilitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval and Reconsolidation: Toward a Neurobiology of Remembering

Sara¹

2000

Learn. Mem.

840

580

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Comparison of the enhancement gradients of retention obtained with stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation after training or memory reactivation

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma

Tetris and Word games lead to fewer intrusive memories when applied several days after analogue trauma

The temporal dynamics of consolidation and reconsolidation decrease during postnatal development

Retrieval and Reconsolidation: Toward a Neurobiology of Remembering

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