“…Instructors providing regular announcements or email reminders have been noted as a significant engagement strategy (Martin & Bolliger, 2018). According to a more recent reports, the use of newer technologies, such as interactive live lectures, slide annotation, electronic whiteboard, classroom response system, Teams, Whiteboard, Socrative online polls, and DingTalk were all used to enrich online teaching during COVID-19 and improve students' engagement and performance (Feng et al, 2021;Welsen et. al, 2020;Chiu, 2020;Christianson, 2020).…”