Comparison of the CKLL first-derivative auger spectra from XPS and AES using diamond, graphite, SiC and diamond-like-carbon films

Mizokawa, Yusuke; Miyasato, Tatsuro; Nakamura, Shōgo; Geib, K.M.; Wilmsen, C. W.

doi:10.1016/0039-6028(87)90011-2

Cited by 140 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Indeed, the XAES spectrum of ta-C coating in the derivative mode shows a fine structure that is assigned to KVV transitions involving π electrons as shown in figure 2. These observations are in good agreement with the works of Mizokawa et al [22,23], who indicated, as a fingerprint of the different carbon atoms arrangement, the distance D between the maximum of the positive-going excursion and the minimum of the negative-going excursion in the derivative XAES spectra. The percentage of sp 3 sites in our ta-C coating is thus estimated to 70%.…”

Section: Friction Of Steel/dlc In Presence Of Glycerol Mono-oleate (Gmo)supporting

confidence: 81%

Superlubricity mechanism of diamond-like carbon with glycerol. Coupling of experimental and simulation studies

Bouchet

Matta

Le-Mogne

et al. 2007

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. We report a unique tribological system that produces superlubricity under boundary lubrication conditions with extremely little wear. This system is a thin coating of hydrogen-free amorphous Diamond-Like-Carbon (denoted as ta-C) at 353 K in a ta-C/ta-C friction pair lubricated with pure glycerol. To understand the mechanism of friction vanishing we performed ToF-SIMS experiments using deuterated glycerol and 13 C glycerol. This was complemented by first-principlesbased computer simulations using the ReaxFF reactive force field to create an atomistic model of ta-C. These simulations show that DLC with the experimental density of 3.24 g/cc leads to an atomistic structure consisting of a 3D percolating network of tetrahedral (sp 3 ) carbons accounting for 71.5% of the total, in excellent agreement with the 70% deduced from our Auger spectroscopy and XANES experiments. The simulations show that the remaining carbons (with sp 2 and sp 1 character) attach in short chains of length 1 to 7. In sliding simulations including glycerol molecules, the surface atoms react readily to form a very smooth carbon surface containing OH-terminated groups. This agrees with our SIMS experiments. The simulations find that the OH atoms are mostly bound to surface sp 1 atoms leading to very flexible elastic response to sliding. Both simulations and experiments suggest that the origin of the superlubricity arises from the formation of this OH-terminated surface.

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Section: Friction Of Steel/dlc In Presence Of Glycerol Mono-oleate (Gmo)supporting

confidence: 81%

Superlubricity mechanism of diamond-like carbon with glycerol. Coupling of experimental and simulation studies

Bouchet

Matta

Le-Mogne

et al. 2007

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…This method consists in the determination of the distance, D, between the most positive maximum and most negative minimum of the first derivative of C KLL spectrum. [17] Since the fine structure of C KLL transition is strongly affected by the sp 2 /sp 3 configuration, the parameter, D, can be considered as a fingerprint of the arrangement of carbon atoms related to the moiety of C in sp 2 and sp 3 hybridization. Lascovich et al [18] have proposed a linear approximation, starting from D = 14.2 eV for the diamond and going up to D = 22.5 eV for the graphite, which permitted to extrapolate the D values for other compounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface investigation of carbon films: from diamond to graphite

Mezzi¹,

Kačiulis²

2010

Surface & Interface Analysis

162

135

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In the present work, a detailed spectroscopic investigation of carbon in different crystalline forms from diamond to graphite was carried out. The spectra of photoemission peak, plasmon losses and X-rays-excited C KLL were studied in order to characterize the carbon phase in different samples. In addition, a method for determination of sp 2 /sp 3 ratio from the first derivative of Auger C KLL spectrum was employed. The obtained results indicated that carbon photoemission peak for sp 2 and sp 3 configurations is characterized by the same value of binding energy. The peaks of plasmon losses and Auger KLL transition were more diagnostic than C 1s photoemission peak, permitting to distinguish the sp 2 and sp 3 configurations. For intermediate situation, which is present in diamond-like carbon (DLC), characterized by a mixture of sp 2 and sp 3 states, the spectra were very similar to the carbon-black, whereas single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) were containing about 50% sp 2 states.

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“…The characterization of the bonding configuration of carbon is usually carried out by XPS through the acquisition and fitting of the C1s spectrum [16][17][18][19][20][26][27][28] . However, the validity of the methodology for the quantitative evaluation of the hybridization state of carbon on the basis of the C1s signal, which relies on fitting it with two distinct features for sp 2 -and sp 3 -bonded carbon 16,26,27 , has been refuted 17,18 , since the binding energy values of the C1s transition for graphite (100% sp 2 -bonded carbon), diamond (100% sp 3 -bonded carbon), and ultrananocrystalline diamond (94±1% sp 3 -bonded carbon 21 ) are not significantly different 17,18 . Instead, insights into the carbon hybridization state in the near-surface region of a-C materials can be gained by XPS through the analysis of the plasmon band near the C1s signal 18,24 , the π-π* shake-up satellites 42,43 , or the X-ray induced C KVV Auger spectrum 17,18,22,23,25,28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Carbon Hybridization State by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

2016

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The characterization of the local bonding configuration of carbon in carbon-based materials is of paramount importance since the properties of such materials strongly depend on the distribution of carbon hybridization states, the local ordering, and the degree of hydrogenation. Carbon 1s near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful techniques for gaining insights into the bonding configuration of near-surface carbon atoms. The common methodology for quantitatively evaluating the carbon hybridization state using C1s NEXAFS measurements, which is based on the analysis of the sample of interest and of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) reference sample, was reviewed and critically assessed, noting that inconsistencies are found in the literature in applying this method. A theoretical rationale for the specific experimental conditions to be used for the acquisition of HOPG reference spectra is presented together with the potential sources of uncertainty and errors in the correctly computed fraction of sp 2 -bonded carbon. This provides a specific method for analyzing the distribution of carbon hybridization state using NEXAFS spectroscopy. As an illustrative example, a hydrogenated amorphous carbon film was analyzed using this method, and showed good agreement with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (which is surface sensitive).Furthermore, the results were consistent with analysis from Raman spectroscopy (which is not surface sensitive), indicating the absence of a structurally different near-surface region in this particular thin film material. The present work can assist surface scientists in the analysis of NEXAFS spectra for the accurate characterization of the structure of carbon-based materials.3

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Comparison of the CKLL first-derivative auger spectra from XPS and AES using diamond, graphite, SiC and diamond-like-carbon films

Cited by 140 publications

References 15 publications

Superlubricity mechanism of diamond-like carbon with glycerol. Coupling of experimental and simulation studies

Superlubricity mechanism of diamond-like carbon with glycerol. Coupling of experimental and simulation studies

Surface investigation of carbon films: from diamond to graphite

Quantitative Evaluation of the Carbon Hybridization State by Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy

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