Comparison of the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Scallop Oil Prepared from the Internal Organs of the Japanese Giant Scallop (&lt;i&gt;Patinopecten yessoensis&lt;/i&gt;), Fish Oil, and Krill Oil in Obese Type II Diabetic KK-&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;          &lt;sup&gt;            &lt;i&gt;y&lt;/i&gt;          &lt;/sup&gt; Mice

Sugimoto, Koki; Hosomi, Ryôta; Shimono, Takaki; Kanda, Seiji; Nishiyama, Toshimasa; Yoshida, Minoru; Fukunaga, Kohji

doi:10.5650/jos.ess21032

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…Our previous study demonstrated that SCO intake decreased the serum and liver cholesterol content compared with n-3 PUFAcontaining oils, including tuna oil, menhaden oil, and krill oil (28,29). However, it is unclear whether the FA composition or PL of SCO is responsible for this cholesterol-lowering effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PL contents of the experimental oils were measured using a phosphorus assay ( 34 ). The PL class compositions of SOY-PL and SCO-PL were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography using authentic PL standards, ceramide aminoethyl phosphate (CAEP), phosphatidic acid (PtdOH), PtdCho, phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn), and phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), according to our previous report ( 29 ). The glycerophospholipid (GPL) subclass composition of the experimental oils was analyzed based on the methods described by Dawson ( 35 ), with some modifications.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The liver PL and cholesterol contents were measured using the same methods described in “Lipid Analysis of the Experimental Oils and Diets” section. The liver BA composition was analyzed using GC-mass spectrometry (MS), as described in our previous report ( 29 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fecal total sterol content was sum of neutral sterol and total BA contents. The fecal BA composition was measured by GC-MS using the same methods as described above ( 29 ). Feces collected on the 27 and 28 days were used to measure water and neutral sterols contents, and BA composition and total BA content, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, SCO contains approximately 20 wt% of PL and includes higher EPA than standard TG-type fish oil (26). Our previous study showed that SCO intake lowered the serum and liver cholesterol contents in mice (28), and this effect was not observed in krill oil and menhaden oil intake (29). However, it is unclear whether the FA composition or PL of SCO has a cholesterol-lowering effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Dietary Phospholipids Prepared From Scallop Internal Organs Attenuate the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Contents by Enhancing the Expression of Cholesterol Hydroxylase in the Liver of Mice

et al. 2021

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In this study, we successfully prepared scallop oil (SCO), which contains high levels of phospholipids (PL) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), one of the most important underutilized fishery resources in Japan. The intake of SCO lowers the serum and liver cholesterol contents in mice; however, whether the fatty acids (FA) composition or PL of SCO exhibits any cholesterol-lowering effect remains unknown. To elucidate whether the cholesterol-lowering function is due to FA composition or PL of SCO, and investigate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism by SCO, in the present study, mice were fed SCO's PL fraction (SCO-PL), triglyceride (TG)-type oil with almost the same FA composition as SCO-PL, called SCO's TG fraction (SCO-TG), soybean oil (SOY-TG), and soybean's PL fraction (SOY-PL). Male C57BL/6J mice (5-week-old) were fed high-fat and cholesterol diets containing 3% (w/w) experimental oils (SOY-TG, SOY-PL, SCO-TG, and SCO-PL) for 28 days. The SCO-PL diet significantly decreased the serum and liver cholesterol contents compared with the SOY-TG diet, but the intake of SOY-PL and SCO-TG did not show this effect. This result indicated that the serum and liver cholesterol-lowering effect observed in the SCO intake group was due to the effect of SCO-PL. The cholesterol-lowering effect of SCO-PL was in part related to the promotion of liver cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression, which is the rate-limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis. In contrast, the expression levels of the ileum farnesoid X receptor (Fxr) and fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15), which inhibit the expression of liver CYP7A1, were significantly reduced in the SCO-PL group than the SOY-TG group. From these results, the increase in the liver CYP7A1 expression by dietary SCO-PL was in part through the reduction of the ileum Fxr/Fgf15 regulatory pathway. Therefore, this study showed that SCO-PL may be a health-promoting component as it lowers the serum and liver cholesterol contents by increasing the liver CYP7A1 expression, which is not seen in SOY-PL and SCO-TG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Dietary Phospholipids Prepared From Scallop Internal Organs Attenuate the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Contents by Enhancing the Expression of Cholesterol Hydroxylase in the Liver of Mice

et al. 2021

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Influence of Lipid Class Used for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Liver Fat Accumulation in MASLD

Sabinari,

Horakova,

Cajka

et al. 2024

Physiol Res

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) occurs in subjects with obesity and metabolic syndrome. MASLD may progress from simple steatosis (i.e., hepatic steatosis) to steatohepatitis, characterized by inflammatory changes and liver cell damage, substantially increasing mortality. Lifestyle measures associated with weight loss and/or appropriate diet help reduce liver fat accumulation, thereby potentially limiting progression to steatohepatitis. As for diet, both total energy and macronutrient composition significantly influence the liver’s fat content. For example, the type of dietary fatty acids can affect the metabolism of lipids and hence their tissue accumulation, with saturated fatty acids having a greater ability to promote fat storage in the liver than polyunsaturated ones. In particular, polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 series (omega-3), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), have been intensively studied for their antisteatotic effects, both in preclinical animal models of obesity and hepatic steatosis and in overweight/obese patients. Their effects may depend not only on the dose and duration of administration of omega-3, or DHA/EPA ratio, but also on the lipid class used for their supplementation. This review summarizes the available evidence from recent comparative studies using omega-3 supplementation via different lipid classes. Albeit the evidence is mainly limited to preclinical studies, it suggests that phospholipids and possibly wax esters could provide greater efficacy against MASLD compared to traditional chemical forms of omega-3 supplementation (i.e., triacylglycerols, ethyl esters). This cannot be attributed solely to improved EPA and/or DHA bioavailability, but other mechanisms may be involved.

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Processing Alaska Pollock Protein (Theragra chalcogramma) into Kamaboko Protein Mitigates Elevated Serum Cholesterol and Postprandial Glucose Levels in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats

Takada¹,

Hosomi

Fukunaga

2022

Foods

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Fish paste products such as kamaboko (KB) are traditional Japanese foods prepared from fish meat. The health-promoting properties of fish proteins and their lysates include improving glucose and lipid metabolism. Although the KB manufacturing process and quality have been examined, limited studies have reported the health-promoting function of KB. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of processing Alaska pollock protein (APP) into KB protein (KBP) on serum lipids levels and postprandial glucose tolerance. Obese male Zucker fa/fa rats were fed on different diets for 4 weeks as follows: APP group, fed on a diet in which APP constituted 25% of total protein intake; KBP group, fed on a diet with APP-processed protein as the protein source; control group, fed on a diet with 100% casein as the protein source. Compared with those in the control group, the serum total cholesterol (TC) level was reduced and the elevated postprandial blood glucose level was mitigated during the high-carbohydrate meal tolerance test in the APP and KBP groups. Further, KBP exerted significantly higher effects on serum TC levels and glucose tolerance than APP.

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Comparison of the Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Scallop Oil Prepared from the Internal Organs of the Japanese Giant Scallop (<i>Patinopecten yessoensis</i>), Fish Oil, and Krill Oil in Obese Type II Diabetic KK-<i>A</i> <sup> <i>y</i> </sup> Mice

Cited by 3 publications

References 48 publications

Dietary Phospholipids Prepared From Scallop Internal Organs Attenuate the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Contents by Enhancing the Expression of Cholesterol Hydroxylase in the Liver of Mice

Dietary Phospholipids Prepared From Scallop Internal Organs Attenuate the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Contents by Enhancing the Expression of Cholesterol Hydroxylase in the Liver of Mice

Influence of Lipid Class Used for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Liver Fat Accumulation in MASLD

Processing Alaska Pollock Protein (Theragra chalcogramma) into Kamaboko Protein Mitigates Elevated Serum Cholesterol and Postprandial Glucose Levels in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats

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