Comparison of the characteristic properties of reduced graphene oxides synthesized from natural graphites with different graphitization degrees

Jiao, Xuan; Qiu, Yangshuai; Zhang, Lingyan; Zhang, Xudong

doi:10.1039/c7ra10809e

Cited by 164 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The XRD patterns of pristine GO and rGO membranes are plotted in Figure 3. Upon increasing the reduction time, one can observe a clear and progressive decrease of the intensity of the characteristic GO reflection around 11 • 2θ [28,29]. A corresponding interlayer distance of 7.98 Å was calculated, more than two-fold that of graphite (d = 3.4 Å).…”

Section: Membranes Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Upo increasing the reduction time, one can observe a clear and progressive decrease of th intensity of the characteristic GO reflection around 11° 2θ [28,29]. A corresponding inte layer distance of 7.98 Å was calculated, more than two-fold that of graphite (d = 3.4 Å The larger interlayer distance of GO has been reported to be due to the oxygen-containin functional groups of the basal plane and to water molecules intercalated between laye [23,28]. All rGO membranes exhibit an appreciable macroscopic roughness which increases with the reduction time.…”

Section: Membranes Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A corresponding interlayer distance of 7.98 Å was calculated, more than two-fold that of graphite (d = 3.4 Å). The larger interlayer distance of GO has been reported to be due to the oxygen-containing functional groups of the basal plane and to water molecules intercalated between layers [23,28]. By increasing the reduction time, a progressive broadening of the GO reflection becomes evident; the calculated interlayer distance decreases from 7.98 to 3.3 Å for GO and rGO-48h, respectively, while for the sample reduced 72 h the 11° 2θ reflection is no longer detectable.…”

Section: Membranes Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes as Potential Self-Assembling Filter for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2020

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This work focuses on the investigation of the capability of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) filters to remove metals from various wastewater. The process to produce rGO membranes is reported and discussed, as well as their ability to capture ions in complex solutions, such as tap or industrial wastewater. Multi-ion solutions, containing Cu2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, and Mn2+ to simulate mine wastewater, or Ca2+ and Mg2+ to mimic drinkable water, were used as models. In mono-ionic solutions, the best capture efficiency values were proved for Ca2+, Fe3+, and Ni2+ ions, while a matrix effect was found for multi-ion solutions. However, interesting capture efficiencies were measured in the range of 30–90%, depending on the specific ion, for both single and multi-ion solutions. An attempt is proposed to correlate ions capture efficiency with ions characteristics, such as ionic radius or charge. Combining a satisfactory capture efficiency with low costs and ease of treatment unit operations, the approach here proposed is considered promising to replace other more complex and expensive filtration techniques.

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Section: Membranes Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Membranes Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Membranes Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes as Potential Self-Assembling Filter for Wastewater Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…For the spectra recorded for all GO samples (Figure 3a), distinct and strong peaks were observed at approximately 3200-3500 cm −1 as a result of the −OH stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl groups. The peaks located at approximately 1726 cm −1 were attributed to the C=O stretching vibrations of the carbonyl and carboxylic groups [26,[29][30][31]. GO(P) showed a sharp peak of C=O compared to the other two GOs, indicating a high content of C=O in GO(P) compared with the other GOs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Tunable Synthesis of Predominant Semi-Ionic and Covalent Fluorine Bonding States on a Graphene Surface

et al. 2021

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In this study, fluorinated graphene (FG) was synthesized via a hydrothermal reaction. Graphene oxides (GOs) with different oxygen bonding states and oxygen contents (GO(F), GO(P), and GO(HU)) were used as starting materials. GO(F) and GO(P) are commercial-type GOs from Grapheneall. GO(HU) was prepared using a modified Hummers method. The synthesized FGs from GO(F), GO(P), and GO(HU) are denoted as FG(F), FG(P), and FG(HU), respectively. The F atoms were bound to the graphene surface with predominantly semi-ionic or covalent bonding depending on the GO oxygen state. FG(F) and FG(HU) exhibited less extensive fluorination than FG(P) despite the same or higher oxygen contents compared with that in FG(P). This difference was attributed to the difference in the C=O content of GOs because the C=O bonds in GO primarily produce covalent C–F bonds. Thus, FG(F) and FG(HU) mainly exhibited semi-ionic C–F bonds. The doped F atoms were used to tune the electronic properties and surface chemistry of graphene. The fluorination reaction also improved the extent of reduction of GO.

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“…Since the thickness of a chemically reduced monolayer GO sheet is 0.5–0.7 nm, the measured thicknesses correspond to two and three layers, respectively. [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]…”

Section: Design and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Birefringence in Reduced Graphene Oxide Doped Liquid Crystal

et al. 2020

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We investigated the effect of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) doping on the birefringence of 5CB liquid crystal (LC). The characteristics of the synthesized rGO and LC-rGO composite with different rGO concentrations were analyzed by atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, white light polarized microscopy, voltage-dependent transmission measurement, and differential scanning calorimetry. We found that doping LC with an appropriate concentration of rGO enhances the birefringence of the LC. This is mainly due to the improved anisotropy of polarizability, which stems from the high shape anisotropy of rGO. However, the aggregation of rGO reduces the birefringence by decreasing the anisotropy of polarizability as well as the order parameter. Our study shows the promising potential of LC-rGO for developing various electro-optic devices that offer improved electro-optic effects.

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Comparison of the characteristic properties of reduced graphene oxides synthesized from natural graphites with different graphitization degrees

Abstract: Graphites with a low degree of graphitization are more appropriate to prepare thin layer graphene with a high degree of defects and high specific capacitance.

Cited by 164 publications

References 48 publications

Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes as Potential Self-Assembling Filter for Wastewater Treatment

Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes as Potential Self-Assembling Filter for Wastewater Treatment

Tunable Synthesis of Predominant Semi-Ionic and Covalent Fluorine Bonding States on a Graphene Surface

Enhancement of Birefringence in Reduced Graphene Oxide Doped Liquid Crystal

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