Comparison of the Biocidal Efficacy of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate and Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicaments over a 7-Day Contact Time: An Ex Vivo Study

Chan, Wing Chuan; Chowdhury, Neelika Roy; Sharma, Garima; Zilm, Peter; Rossi‐Fedele, Giampiero

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2020.05.011

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Therefore, various interactions with dentine occurred, influencing the pH and available chlorine similarly to the clinical reality. Further strengths and limitations of the biofilm model used have been discussed in detail previously [17,18]. These include the use of an engineered experimental biofilm and the sizable enlargement of the apical terminus, the latter considered necessary for the adequate flow of growth media in the laboratory set-up used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flow cells were allowed to run for 4 weeks. Regular sampling of waste media and growth media was conducted to rule out contamination of the growth medium during the incubation period [17]. At the end of the incubation period, the flow cells were disassembled, and the roots were prepared for sampling by sealing the coronal 3 mm of the root with Cavit (3 M ESPE), as well as sealing the apical foramen with Cyanoacrylate (Henkel) to mimic a closed apex.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A biofilm root canal model was used based on a previously published methodology optimised for multispeciesengineered biofilms [16,17]. Two flow cells grown at different points in time from different starter cultures were used, and the flow cells were set up as illustrated in Figure 2.…”

Section: Preparation Of Teeth Biofilm and Flow Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of a preparation containing glycocholic acid on the biocidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in a biofilm laboratory model

Haddad¹,

Chan

et al. 2023

Aust Endodontic J

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This study assessed the antimicrobial effect of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) mixtures combined with Keratobacter (KB) using an engineered biofilm root canal model. Clinical and reagent grade NaOCl were mixed with KB (9:1‐vol/vol) to assess pH values over 1 min to select the ideal solution with a pH just below the pKa of hypochlorous acid. The samples were randomly divided into five groups: 1% and 4% NaOCl reagents, a mixture of NaOCl:KB using 1% and 4% NaOCl reagents and distilled water. Outcome measures were colony‐forming units (CFUs/mL) and positive/negative cultures. No significant differences were observed in the pairwise comparisons between 1%, 4% NaOCl and 4% NaOCl+KB for the outcome CFUs/mL. Only 4% NaOCl presented with negative cultures in all samples, whereas 1% NaOCl and 4% NaOCl+KB had similar results (54% vs. 40%). The addition of KB has a limited effect on the antimicrobial efficacy of 4% NaOCl in this laboratory model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of a preparation containing glycocholic acid on the biocidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in a biofilm laboratory model

Haddad¹,

Chan

et al. 2023

Aust Endodontic J

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“…Therefore, NaDCC is widely used as an antibacterial in homes, offices, industries, and hospitals. 3,[26][27][28] It is also used as a typical, effective disinfectant, especially for drinking water sterilization 4 ; however, its use is controversial in South Korea because vapor inhalation from the chemical solution used in the disinfection of humidifiers has caused severe pulmonary disorders. A two-week study on NaDCC inhalation in rats documented that the main target organ, the upper respiratory tract, showed the degeneration of the transitional epithelium in the nasal cavity, as well as inflammation, and squamous metaplasia in the larynx, due to acute irritation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary toxicity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate after intratracheal instillation in sprague-dawley rats

et al. 2022

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In water, sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC), a source for chlorine gas generation, releases free available chlorine in the form of hypochlorous acid, a strong oxidizing agent. NaDCC has been used as a disinfectant in humidifiers; however, its inhalation toxicity is a concern. Seven-week-old rats were exposed to NaDCC doses of 100, 500, and 2500 μg·kg−1body weight by intratracheal instillation (ITI) to investigate pulmonary toxicity. The rats were sacrificed at 1 d (exposure group) or 14 d (recovery group) after ITI. Despite a slight decrease in body weight after exposure, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and NaDCC-treated groups. A significant increase in the total protein level of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was observed in the exposure groups. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage into the BALF increased significantly ( p < 0.01) in the exposure groups; however, recovery was observed after 14 d. The measurement of cytokines in the BALF samples indicated a significant increase in interleukin (IL)-6 in the exposure group and IL-8 in the recovery group. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory foci and pulmonary edema around the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. This study demonstrated that ITI of NaDCC induced reversible pulmonary edema and inflammation without hepatic involvement in rats.

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“…Besides, calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) is a widely used intracanal medicament for root canal disinfection in cases where root canals are infected [7] . The researchers concluded that Ca(OH) 2 needs to be used in infected cases to greater predictably acquire disinfection [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and Practices Assessment of Decontamination during Root Canal Treatment in Saudi Arabia

Adanir

Alkhalaf

Alanazi³

et al. 2021

ijirms

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Introduction: Bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular pathoses. For example: Apical periodontitis is an inflammation of dental periapical tissues developed as a response to colonization of microorganisms in root canal system. The elimination of microbial species from the infected root canal system necessitates a strict aseptic condition for Instrumentation, disinfection and inter appointment medication. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans had been commonly associated organisms in treatment-resistant infections. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study based on web-survey questionnaires developed by the authors with high confidence. The sample size was 304 estimated using the Qualtrics calculator with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The questionnaire is divided into sections, regarding endodontic practice include endodontic education , years of experience , used of rubber dam or no and how to used irrigant solution whoever Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Chlorhexidine, chelating agents (EDTA) or (MTAD) and reasons of every irrigant that prevents during root canal treatment. Data were collected using Google forms and prepared for analysis using Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Results: A total of 304 participants responded, 44.1% dental interns, 39.5% General Dentist, 9.9% Endodontist, 6.3% other dental specialty. the Probable reasons that prevent them using rubber dam during root canal treatment are: 5.9% due to difficulty to apply, 9.2% due to lack of materials, 5.3% because it is a time-consuming, 1.6% said that other isolation methods are enough (partial isolation), 3.9% because of multiple reason combined together. 48.7% they always use rubber dam, so they did not choose any of the previous reasons. Conclusion: In conclusion, we identify and understand, most of the participants “always using rubber dam” during root canal treatment and the most common reasons was time consumption that prevented dentist from using rubber. In this study majority of participants preferred NaOCl 81.9% and 7.1% don’t use it.

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Comparison of the Biocidal Efficacy of Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate and Calcium Hydroxide as Intracanal Medicaments over a 7-Day Contact Time: An Ex Vivo Study

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

The effect of a preparation containing glycocholic acid on the biocidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in a biofilm laboratory model

The effect of a preparation containing glycocholic acid on the biocidal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite in a biofilm laboratory model

Pulmonary toxicity of sodium dichloroisocyanurate after intratracheal instillation in sprague-dawley rats

Knowledge and Practices Assessment of Decontamination during Root Canal Treatment in Saudi Arabia

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