Comparison of the acute effects of traditional versus high velocity resistance training on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional resistance training (RT) versus high velocity RT (HVRT) on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women.MethodsFifteen elderly women (mean age ± standard deviation, 67.1±6.9 years) classified as having hypertension stage 1 or 2 were randomly allocated to complete traditional RT or HVRT; 1 week later, subjects allocated to RT completed the HVRT session and vice-versa. Heart rate, blood pressure, affective response, perceived effort, and blood samples analyzing lactate, nitrate, nitrite, oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) collected before and after training sessions were assessed. Nutritional counseling was provided regarding nutrients that could affect cardiovascular and nitrate/nitrite analysis.ResultsSystolic blood pressure was not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 30 minutes after sessions. Diastolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and heart rate were not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 45 minutes after sessions. Nitric oxide was significantly higher (p<0.0005) for HVRT compared to RT after 30 minutes of exercise. TBARS and TEAC were significantly higher (p<0.05) for HVRT compared with RT only immediately after exercise. There were no differences for psychophysiological variables between protocols.ConclusionThe acute cardiovascular and metabolic responses, including oxidative stress, are transient and within normal values. Taken together with the positive affective responses, both HVRT and RT with this intensity and volume seem to be safe for elderly hypertensive women under medication.

Effect of High-velocity Resistance Exercise on 24-h Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Older Women

“…Although discrepancies exist among the investigations, the present results and others [11,25] suggest that a power exercise or HVRE session elicits PEH in hypertensive older adults. Different from previous studies that have assessed BP post-exercise during a very short-term period in a laboratory setting [10,11,25], the present study showed in a sample of hypertensive older women that a HVRE session elicited a systolic PEH up to 4 h post-exercise in free-living conditions. This BP reduction observed in the present investigation may have attenuated the overload imposed to the subjects' cardiovascular system during their daily activities, which is clinically meaningful.…”

“…Machado et al [25] reported a systematic occurrence of PEH following power exercise sessions performed over a 12-week period of a power training intervention in older women with type 2 diabetes. On the contrary, no PEH following a single power-exercise session was observed by Orsano et al [10], who compared traditional resistance exercises and power exercises using weight-training equipment up to 45 min post-exercise. No changes were observed for BP, despite a lower HR and an increased NO bioavailability 30 min post-exercise.…”

“…Despite the importance of power exercises to improve neuromuscular-and functional-related outcomes, little is known about the acute post-exercise effect of power exercises on BP in older adults, particularly those with hypertension. To the best of our knowledge, only three previous studies have investigated the acute effect of power exercises on BP in hypertensive older adults [10][11][12]. However, these studies assessed BP post-exercise during a very short-term period (i. e., ≤ 60 min) in a laboratory setting, which precludes the understanding of the clinical importance of PEH.…”

Are insulin-resistance and oxidative stress cause or consequence of aging

“…Evidence indicates that elevated body fat and hypertension are responsible for increased oxidative stress in elderly persons. 36,37 So far, it should be noted that, there have not been reports documenting healthy elderly persons only with insulin-resistance and higher damage oxidative marker (TBARS) which correlates negatively with age. Moreover, it is particularly interesting that our investigated elderly population had higher TBARS in insulin-sensitive ones.…”

Efeitos dos exercícios resistidos sobre a pressão arterial de hipertensos

“…Os achados dessa revisão indicaram ainda que quatro estudos (FELIPE et al, 2018;ORSANO et al, 2018;PAGONAS et al, 2017;BERTANI et al, 2016) não atribuíram benefícios à prática de exercícios resistidos sobre a PA de pessoas com hipertensão.…”