Comparison of Tar Produced by Traditional and Laboratory Methods

Kurt, Yusuf

doi:10.31901/24566772.2012/06.02.01

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The lack of findings related to tar production during Prehistory necessitates the development of an experimental approach in order to gain an understanding of the conditions of birch bark tar manufacture and the level of « savoir-faire » involved. The literature published in the field of experimental archaeology on the produc-tion systems known to have been used to make wood or bark tars has mainly focused on post-prehistoric periods, including traditional practices in more recent times (Rajewsky 1970;Kurzweil and Todtenhaupt 1991;Szafranski 1997;Egenberg et al 2003;Kurt et al 2008;Kurt and Isik 2012;Burri 2012) despite recent published findings having provided new data related to Palaeolithic aceramic societies (Osipowicz 2005;Palmer 2007;Groom et al 2015;Kozowyk et al 2017;Schenck and Groom 2018). Published studies mainly report two processes corresponding to autothermic and allothermic systems as defined by Kurzweil and Todtenhaupt (1991) at the beginning of the 1990s.…”

Section: The Different Systems Of Tar Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The autothermic system relies on the direct transfer of heat to the raw material without heat conductors (processes involving, for example, a kiln or funnel-shaped pit; see Figure 2). Useful for wood tar production, this process has been largely described, especially for conifer tar (Rajewsky 1970;Kurzweil and Todtenhaupt 1991;Egenberg et al 2003;Kurt et al 2008;Kurt and Isik 2012;Burri 2012). However, this system does not seem adapted for a significant production of tars made from bark, as this latter material is easily flammable.…”

Section: Autothermic and Allothermic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, available data are not always sufficient to compare the efficiency of the different methods investigated due to the variability of the tested operating processes and a lack of precision regarding temperature parameters. Finally, these previous experimental works were never combined with chemical analysis, except for tars obtained from conifer trees, including cedar and pine (Reunanen et al 1996;Connan et al 2002;Engenberg et al 2002 and2003;Hjulström et al 2006;Kurt et al 2008;Kurt and Isik 2012).…”

Section: Experimental Production Of Birch Bark Tar: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birch Bark Tar Production: Experimental and Biomolecular Approaches to the Study of a Common and Widely Used Prehistoric Adhesive

Rageot

Théry‐Parisot

Beyriès

et al. 2018

J Archaeol Method Theory

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Birch bark tar, the oldest adhesive known in Europe, was widely used during Prehistory. This material, produced by the dry distillation of birch bark, has been identified in various spheres of activities and provides valuable information on the know-how and technical and territorial systems of past societies. This biomaterial can also provide evidence on socio-economic networks and mobility. However, very little is known about the production systems of birch bark tar during Prehistory, including the Neolithic period. The lack of findings in the archaeological record necessitates the development of an approach that combines experimental archaeology and biomolecular chemistry. We present here (1) the results of experiments in which different birch bark tar production systems were tested and (2) the molecular signatures of the birch bark tars produced according to different processes based on the use of ceramic vessels. The key role of bark quality is highlighted for the first time. This study also details direct archaeological inference of the experimental results obtained: a total of 23 samples from the site of Nice-Giribaldi (France, second part of the fifth century BCE) was investigated. Different categories of birch bark tars were identified during Neolithic in the south of France, providing evidence for the existence of complex manufacturing systems and procurement networks.

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Section: The Different Systems Of Tar Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Autothermic and Allothermic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Production Of Birch Bark Tar: State Of the Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Birch Bark Tar Production: Experimental and Biomolecular Approaches to the Study of a Common and Widely Used Prehistoric Adhesive

Rageot

Théry‐Parisot

Beyriès

et al. 2018

J Archaeol Method Theory

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“…Despite all these traditional uses, the extract was not properly evaluated (few studies have been devoted to these products [4,5,7,9]) especially the Cedrus atlantica Manetti tar whose researches focuses mainly on essential oils of wood and oil tar of this specie [10,11,12,13,3,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Cedrus atlantica Manetti Tar (Atlas Cedar Tar)

Skanderi

Chouitah

2020

Fr. Ukr. J. Chem.

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Cedrus atlantica Manetti Tar was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, it was subjected to analyzes to know their total polyphenolic and condensed tannins contents, also their Ferric-reducing antioxidant power and Total antioxidant capacity. Chemical characterization identified 88 constituents where Himachalene and α-atlantone isomers (14.51 % - 4.07 %), Calacorene (3.52 %) and ar-Turmerone 3.35 %, were the major components, the total polyphenolic content and condensed tannins contents were 57.15 ± 0.15 milligrams equivalent of gallic acid /g tar and 4.41 ± 0.05 milligrams equivalent of catechin /g tar respectively .This extract showed remarkable Ferric-reducing antioxidant power with effective concentration equal to 50 ± 0.075 mg /mL ± 0,00028 and total antioxidant capacity equal to 262.75 mg equivalents of ascorbic acid /g tar ± 14,43. The experimental results indicated that our tar has promotive antioxidant activity.

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“…Rich. (Lebanon or Taurus cedar) have historical importance and a wide range of applications [ 6 , 15 - 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Tar Production from the Anatolian Black Pine [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe var. pallasiana] and its usages in Afyonkarahisar, Central Western Turkey

Ari

Kargıoğlu

Temel

et al. 2014

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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BackgroundTar is one example of a plant product used in folk medicine and it is obtained from Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe, which is very common in the West Anatolian Region. Old trees that are good for kindling and have thick trucks are preferred to obtain tar. Tar is used not only as traditional medicine but also for protection against both endoparasites and ectoparasites. The objective of this study was to record the traditional method of obtaining tar and its usages in Afyonkarahisar which is located in the Western Anatolian Region of Turkey.MethodsIn order to record the traditional methods of obtaining tar, we visited the villages of Doğlat, Kürtyurdu and Çatağıl in Afyonkarahisar (Turkey) June-July, 2012. Ethnobotanical data about the method of collection and traditional usages of tar were obtained through informal interviews with 26 participants (16 men and 10 women). Data concerning the method of tar collection and its traditional usages were recorded and photographed.ResultsThe traditional method for obtaining tar from Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana by local people was recorded and the local usages (curing ear pain in children, osteomyelitis, wounds, ulcers, eczema, acne, alopecia, fungus, foot-and-mouth disease in animals, mouth sores in sheep and goats, protection against endo- and ectoparasites, repellent for snakes, mice, flies (Tabanus bovinus) and ticks, and the prevention of water leakage from roofs) of tar are described.ConclusionIn this study, the traditional method for obtaining tar and the traditional usages of tar are explained. Documentation of the method of obtaining tar and its traditional usages may contribute to scientific research on the benefits and usages of tar in medicine, veterinary medicine, as well as other fields.

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Comparison of Tar Produced by Traditional and Laboratory Methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Birch Bark Tar Production: Experimental and Biomolecular Approaches to the Study of a Common and Widely Used Prehistoric Adhesive

Birch Bark Tar Production: Experimental and Biomolecular Approaches to the Study of a Common and Widely Used Prehistoric Adhesive

Chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Cedrus atlantica Manetti Tar (Atlas Cedar Tar)

Traditional Tar Production from the Anatolian Black Pine [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe var. pallasiana] and its usages in Afyonkarahisar, Central Western Turkey

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