Comparison of serological assays for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in animals presenting different clinical manifestations

Ferreira, Eduardo; Lana, Marta de; Carneiro, Mariângela; Reis, Alexandre Barbosa; Paes, Daniela Vieira; Silva, Eduardo Sérgio da; Schallig, Henk D. F. H.; Gontijo, Célia Maria Ferreira

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.02.015

Cited by 115 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Cross-reactivity between this antigen and other infectious agents has been demonstrated in several studies (VEXENAT et al, 1996;FERREIRA et al, 2007;ANDRADE et al, 2009), particularly for trypanosomes (FERREIRA et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Antibodies to Leishmania spp. in domestic felines

Oliveira

Paiz

Menozzi

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoa in the genus Leishmania, typical of rural and peri-urban environments. The causative agent of American visceral leishmaniasis is Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi and the main insect vector in Brazil is Lutzomyia longipalpis. Dogs (Canis familiaris) are important in the transmission of the disease, as a reservoir closely related to humans and an infection source for phlebotomine vectors. Since 1990, an increasing number of feline leishmaniasis cases have been reported, suggesting that domestic cats (Felis catus) might be involved in the epidemiology of the disease. The present study analyzed the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies in naturally infected domestic cats from various neighborhoods in the municipality of Belém, Pará, Brazil, using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the direct agglutination test (DAT). Among the 443 samples tested, 18 (4.06%) presented positive reactions in the IFA. The observed titers were 40 IU in 4.97% of the samples and 80 IU in 0.90%. In the DAT test, positive results were found in 25 (5.64%) of the samples. The observed titers were also 40 IU (4.97%) and 80 IU (0.68%). The agreement rate between the two tests was considered low (Kappa coefficient = 0.10).Keywords: Indirect immunofluorescence assay, direct agglutination test, leishmaniasis, cats. ResumoAs leishmanioses são zoonoses vetoriais causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, características de ambientes rurais e periurbanos. A leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA) é causada pela Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, cujo principal vetor no Brasil é Lutzomyia longipalpis. O cão (Canis familiaris) possui papel ativo na transmissão da doença, pois é um reservatório muito próximo do humano e uma fonte de infecção para o flebotomíneo. O aumento do número de casos de leishmaniose felina, descritos na literatura a partir de 1990, sugere Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne zoonotic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, Kinetoplastida order, Trypanosomatidae family, and transmitted by phlebotomine species, causing tegumental and visceral injuries (ROSA, 2009). In the parasitic life cycle, promastigotes are found in the vector and amastigotes are found in the infected host tissues (BANETH, 2006). Leishmaniasis is typical of rural and peri-urban environments. Domestic and wild mammals can be infected; humans are considered accidental hosts of the protozoa (CURI et al., 2006).The dog (Canis familiaris) has an active role in the transmission of the disease as an asymptomatic reservoir that is closely related to humans and an infection source to phlebotomine vectors (COURTENAY et al., 2002).American visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, and is a serious public health problem in Brazil owing to the wide geographical distribution v. 24, n. 4, out.-dez. 2015 465 Leishmania spp. in cats of the disease, high incidence, and the ability to lead to a severe clinical form that ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Antibodies to Leishmania spp. in domestic felines

Oliveira

Paiz

Menozzi

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…With respect to the performance of ELISA and IFAT using serum samples, the results regarding the accuracy of the tests are conflicting. FERREIRA et al 10 observed 52% and 64% specificity and 96% and 72% sensitivity for ELISA and IFAT, respectively. OLIVEIRA et al 21 demonstrated 90% sensitivity and 100% specificity for ELISA and 40% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity for IFAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

Figueiredo

Madeira

Nascimento

et al. 2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThe Brazilian Ministry of Health recommends the culling and euthanasia of dogs with a positive serological test for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). In the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro, the technique used for the diagnosis of CVL is the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), using blood samples eluted on filter paper (eluate). A dog survey was conducted over a period of one year in the region of Carapiá, in order to evaluate the diagnosis of CVL in this region. All animals underwent clinical examination, and blood samples (serum and eluate) were collected for analysis by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) and IFAT. A skin biopsy was obtained for parasitological examination (culture). A total of 305 animals were studied and Leishmania chagasi was isolated from nine animals. Sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 96.6% for ELISA, respectively, 100% and 65.5% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:40 dilution), 100% and 83.4% for IFAT (cut-off at a 1:80 dilution), and 22.2% and 97.0% for eluate IFAT. In conclusion, ELISA was the best tool for the diagnosis of CVL among the serological techniques tested. The present results suggest the need for a better evaluation of filter paper IFAT as the only diagnostic method for CVL in the Municipality of Rio de Janeiro.

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“…Because the clinical manifestations of infected dogs are variable and nonspecific, the diagnosis may be difficult to manage disease (Ferreira Ede et al 2007). There are several methods for the diagnosis of CVL, among the serological method, DAT is the reliable, practical, affordable and excellent test for diagnosis of HVL and CVL (Boelaert et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

et al. 2013

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Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health problem that is endemic in tropical and sub tropical countries and is fatal in humans and dogs. In addition to symptomatic dogs, asymptomatic ones seem as source of Leishmania infantum infection. Thus surveillance and control programs of reservoir hosts are essential. This study aimed to evaluate the sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in asymptomatic domestic dogs from in an endemic area of north west, Iran. A cross sectional study was carried out in Meshkin-Shahr district during 2011-2012. Blood samples collected from 508 asymptomatic domestic dogs were tested by direct agglutination test. In this study 508 dogs (397 males and 111 females, mean age, 3.24 years) from western and eastern parts of the MeshkinShahr were examined. A total of 508 dogs examined 119 dogs (23.4 %) had antibodies (titers of C1:320) against L. infantum. Statistically significance was occurred between male (25.4 %) and female (16.2) sero-prevalence (P = 0.042). No statistically significance was observed between age groups (P = 0.22). Compared with previous studies it seems to increase sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in the studied areas caused by ecological changes. High proportion of asymptomatic but seropositive dogs emphasizes the importance of dogs without clinical signs in the epidemiology of zoonotic leishmaniasis. Thus, the necessity of using serological tests in asymptomatic dogs is recommended for disease control strategy.

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Comparison of serological assays for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in animals presenting different clinical manifestations

Cited by 115 publications

References 29 publications

Antibodies to Leishmania spp. in domestic felines

Antibodies to Leishmania spp. in domestic felines

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: study of methods for the detection of IgG in serum and eluate samples

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: seroprevalence survey of asymptomatic dogs in an endemic area of northwestern Iran

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