Comparison of Selection Traits for Effective Popcorn (Zea mays L. var. Everta) Breeding Under Water Limiting Conditions

Kamphorst, Samuel Henrique; Júnior, Antônio Teixeira do Amaral; Lima, Valter Jário de; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz; Rodrigues, Weverton Pereira; Vivas, Janieli Maganha Silva; Gonçalves, Gabriel Moreno Bernardo; Schmitt, Kátia Fabiane Medeiros; Leite, Jhean Torres; Vivas, Marcelo; Mora‐Poblete, Freddy; Vergara-Díaz, Omar; Ortega, J. L. Araus; Ramalho, José C.; Campostrini, Eliemar

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.01289

Cited by 17 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Grain yield and popping expansion were the traits most affected by water restriction in the soil, with reductions of 55% and 28%, respectively. According to Kamphorst et al (2020) [20], in response to WS applied during the pre-flowering and grain filling of pop-…”

Section: Effect Of Water Restriction On Gy Pe Morpho-agronomic Traits and On The Greenness Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Kamphorst

Gonçalves

Júnior

et al. 2021

Plants

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The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits—100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.

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Section: Effect Of Water Restriction On Gy Pe Morpho-agronomic Traits and On The Greenness Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Kamphorst

Gonçalves

Júnior

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…SPAD index measurements suggest a photosynthetic capacity of the leaf tissues, since that this index is correlated with chlorophyll concentration, and enable to obtain better inferences of photosynthesis [25]. Kamphorst et al (2020) [46] evaluated SPAD values popcorn inbred lines contrasted to grain yield in drought conditions. The authors showed that maximum SPAD values were obtained more later (11 days after anthesis) in WW, when compared with WS (two days after anthesis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors showed that maximum SPAD values were obtained more later (11 days after anthesis) in WW, when compared with WS (two days after anthesis). Maximum SPAD index values are related to late leaf senescence, due to high chlorophyll concentration and photosynthetic carbon assimilation [46]. In addition, Gregersen (2008) [47], showed that nutrients mobilization from senescent leaves to reproductive organs are important to plant growth in drought conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Popcorn Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Canonical Correlations

et al. 2020

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Getting around the damage caused by drought is a worldwide challenge, particularly in Brazil, given that economy is based on agricultural activities, including popcorn growing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate popcorn inbred lines under water stressed (WS) and well-watered (WW) conditions regarding agronomic attributes, root morphology, and leaf “greenness” index (SPAD index), besides investigating the viability of indirect selection by canonical correlations (CC) of grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE). Seven agronomic, six morphological root traits were evaluated and SPAD index at five different dates during grain filling. The WS (−29% less water than WW) affected significantly the GY (−55%), PE (−28%), increased the brace and crown root density, and more vertically oriented the brace and crown angles. Higher SPAD index is associated with a higher yield, and these measures were the only ones with no significant genotype × water condition interaction, which may render concomitant selection for WS and WW easier. For associating the corrections of the different traits, CC proved to have better potential than simple correlations. Thus, the evaluation of SPAD index at 29 days after the anthesis showed the best CC, and based on the previous results of SPAD index, may be used regardless of the water condition.

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“…Four S 7 popcorn inbred lines previously selected as water use efficient (P2 and P3, from the compound CMS-42) and inefficient (L61 and L63, from the BRS-Angela population) [ 18 , 52 ], as well as two hybrids of the cross between these four inbred lines (P2xL61 and P3xL63) were used for evaluation under different water regimes. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, at a research base of the State University of Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (21°45′45″ S 41°19′6″ W).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Use Efficiency in Popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta): Which Physiological Traits Would Be Useful for Breeding?

Leite

Amaral

Kamphorst

et al. 2021

Plants

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To ensure genetic gains in popcorn breeding programs carried out under drought conditions knowledge about the response of morphophysiological traits of plants to water stress for the selection of key traits is required. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate popcorn inbred lines with agronomically efficient (P2 and P3) and inefficient (L61 and L63) water use and two hybrids (P2xL61 and P3xL63) derived from these contrasting parents, cultivated under two water regimes (WW watered—WW; and water-stressed—WS) in a greenhouse, replicated five times, where each experimental unit consisted of one plant in a PVC tube. Irrigation was applied until stage V6 and suspended thereafter. Individual and combined analyses of variance were performed and the genotypic correlations and relative heteroses estimated. The water use efficient inbred lines were superior in root length (RL), root dry weight (RDW), and net CO2 assimilation rate (A), which were the characteristics that differentiated the studied genotypes most clearly. High heterosis estimates were observed for RL, SDW, leaf width (LW), leaf midrib length (LL), and agronomic water use efficiency (AWUE). The existence of a synergistic association between root angle and length for the characteristics A, stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll concentration (SPAD index) proved most important for the identification and phenotyping of superior genotypes. Based on the study of these characteristics, the higher AWUE of the previously selected inbred lines could be explained. The results reinforced the importance of root physiological and morphological traits to explain AWUE and the possibility of advances by exploiting heterosis, given the morphophysiological superiority of hybrids in relation to parents.

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Comparison of Selection Traits for Effective Popcorn (Zea mays L. var. Everta) Breeding Under Water Limiting Conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 66 publications

Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Screening of Popcorn Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Canonical Correlations

Water Use Efficiency in Popcorn (Zea mays L. var. everta): Which Physiological Traits Would Be Useful for Breeding?

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